气象要素及前体物对青岛市臭氧浓度变化的影响

在深入探讨2013—2015年青岛市区O_3污染随时间变化特征的基础上,系统分析了不同气象要素对O_3浓度的影响,并研究了前体物对O_3生成的影响及贡献。结果表明:青岛市区O_3第90百分位日最大8 h滑动平均值和超标率均在2014年达到最高值;O_3浓度在5—10月较高,12月至次年1月浓度最低;O_3日变化呈单峰型变化规律,白天浓度高,夜间浓度低。强太阳辐射、高温、相对湿度60%左右、风速4 m/s左右、偏南风等气象条件下易出现高浓度O_3。O_3的生成主要受前体物VOCs控制,且烯烃对O_3生成的贡献远高于烷烃和芳香烃,控制VOCs尤其是烯烃组分的排放可有效降低青岛市区O_3浓度。

Effect of Meteorological Factors and Precursors on the Change of Ambient Air Ozone Concentrations in Qingdao

Based on the temporal variationcharacteristics of O₃ pollution in urban districts of Qingdao from 2013 to 2015, the effect of different meteorological factors on O₃ concentration were analyzed, and the contribution of precursors to O₃ generation werestudied. The results showed that the highest O₃ concentration and O₃ excess rate were both occurred in 2014. The O₃ concentrations from May to October were higher than that in other months, and the lowest concentrations were occurred in December and January. The diurnal variation of O₃ concentrationshowed a single peak feature, and the concentration in the daytime was higher than that in night. Meteorological conditions such as stronger solar radiation, higher temperature, relative humidity at about 60%, wind speed at about 4 m/s,and southerly wind were all prone to high O₃ concentrations. O₃ generation was mainly controlled by VOCs precursors, andthe contribution of alkene warehigher than that of alkane and arene. Therefore, controlling the emission of VOCs, especially alkene, can effectively reduce the concentration of O₃ in urban district of Qingdao.