河流生态系统指示生物与生物监测:概念、方法及发展趋势

综述了河流生物监测的概念、常用指示生物与监测指标、国外相对完善的技术体系及发展趋势。大型底栖动物、着生藻类、鱼类是河流生物监测中最常使用的指示生物,可以单独使用,也可结合使用,详述了这些类群在河流生态系统中的重要地位及用于生物监测的优点。常用的监测指标包括生物多样性指数、生物指数、多参数指数、多变量指数及功能性指数。许多国家和地区(如英国、美国、欧盟等)都已经将生物监测纳入水环境管理系统,并开发出自己的技术体系。未来的河流生物监测中,功能性指数的应用会越来越多,分子技术的介入也会为提高分类辨识度和检测遗传多样性提供更为有效的途径。最后,思考并总结了国内河流生物监测的现状及趋势。

Bioindicator and Biomonitoring Used for River Ecosystem: Concepts, Approaches and Trends

In this paper, we present a review on concepts, current use and anticipated future directions of bioindicators and biomonitoring approaches used for river ecosystems. Periphyton, benthic macroinvertebrates and fish are the most common indicators in river biomonitoring, which can be used separately or contemporaneously. Their importance in the ecosystems and advantages for biomonitoring has been described in detail. Commonly used biomoniting approaches include diversity, biotic indices, multimetric approaches, multivariate approaches, and functional analyses. Many countries and areas have included biomonitoring into their water environment management system and developed their own protocols, such as British, United States, and Europe Union. In the future, functional measures have been increasingly applied as a complementary approach to reflecting ecological integrity. Furthermore, recent researches have demonstrated the efficiency of molecular techniques on enhancing the taxonomic resolutions and detecting the genetic diversity in river biomonitoring.