中国北方河流底栖动物群落季节性演替对水生态环境质量评价的影响

大型底栖动物是评价水生态质量最常用的生物类群,鉴于水生昆虫的生活史特点,在一年当中群落结构会发生季节性变化,如何利用底栖动物数据准确评价水生态质量状况,反映客观实际,值得探讨。将黑龙江省2012—2015年水生生物试点监测47个采样点的108组底栖动物数据进行比较,对群落结构的相似性、物种的更替率和BMWP指数评价结果进行分析,探讨群落的演替及BMWP指数的变化规律。结果表明不同时间采集的样品底栖动物群落之间存在较大差异,评价的结果也存在差异,越是水环境质量好的区域,这种差异越明显。利用底栖动物评价水生态状况,宜选择长时间段的多个采集数据,经统计整理后,利用复合样方(年均值)的特征,评价一段时间内(如以年为单位)的水生态质量状况,使评价结果更具准确性。

Effects of Benthic Community Seasonal Dynamics on the Aquatic Environment Quality Assessment of Rivers in Northern China

Benthic macroinvertebrates are the most commonly used organisms in the assessment of aquatic environment quality. However, seasonal changes of benthic macroinvertebrate caused by the life history of aquatic insects may affect the metric values and the accuracy of assessment as well. Therefore, the diminishment of the seasonal effect of macroinvertebrate dynamics on the assessment is urgently needed in routine biomonitoring practice. In present study, 108 benthic macroinvertebrate data seasonally collected from 47 sites of the Songhua River based on aquatic organisms'' pilot monitoring from 2012 to 2015 in Heilongjiang province was analyzed according to the similarity of community structure, species replacement and biological monitoring working party (BMWP) index, to discuss the change rule of community succession and BMWP index. The results showed a significant difference of community structure and quality categories of sites among seasons, with the less disturbed sites showing the higher difference. To make the evaluation results more accurate, multiple data of benthic macroinvertebrate from long period monitoring should be adopted for composite samples statistics (average) were recommended to evaluate water ecological status.