石家庄市春季大气颗粒物的铅污染特征

为了解石家庄市2016年春季大气颗粒物的铅污染特征及来源,利用单颗粒气溶胶质谱仪(SPAMS),分析了大气中含铅颗粒的化学成分。结果表明: 研究期间大气环境中含铅颗粒数浓度共出现11次跳跃式升高,跳跃时间段内石家庄均处于轻度污染过程。从成分分析来看,含铅颗粒分为纯铅颗粒、Pb与K(Pb-K)、OC(Pb-OC)、Cl(Pb-Cl)、混合颗粒等八大类。观测结果表明:Pb-K颗粒最多,占到含铅颗粒的84.4%；其次为纯铅颗粒,占比为13.0%。与石家庄市污染源谱库比对进行来源解析,得到Pb-K颗粒主要来自生活垃圾焚烧源, 纯铅颗粒主要来自工业源。结合石家庄市大气污染源排放清单和后向气流轨迹分析,推测含铅颗粒可能来自市区西南方向某区县的生活垃圾焚烧企业。

Pollution Characteristics of Lead Particles in the Spring Atmosphere of Shijiazhuang City

The single particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SPAMS) was used to analyze the lead pollution characteristics and sources of atmospheric particulate matter in Shijiazhuang in spring 2016 and classify the chemical constituents of lead-containing particles.The results showed the concentration of lead-containing particles in the atmospheric environment jumped 11 times during mild air pollution process.Component analysis suggested that lead particles were divided into 8 categories, which were Pb-only, Pb-K, Pb-OC, Pb-Cl, Pb-EC, Pb-HM, Pb-MD and Pb-ECOC. Among them, Pb-K particles were the most, accounting for 84.4 % of lead particles,followed by pure lead particles, accounting for 13.0 %. Analysis of source in comparison through the source spectrum of Shijiazhuang city, Pb-K particles mainly came from domestic waste incineration sources, Pb-only particles mainly came from industrial sources. According to the emission inventory data of air pollution sources in Shijiazhuang city and results of backward air trajectory, lead-containing pellets were speculatedcome from domestic waste incineration enterprises in a certain district, which located in the southwest of the city.