国家大气颗粒物组分监测网的设计发展展望

中国现阶段大气污染呈现以细颗粒物(PM_2.5)及臭氧(O₃)为代表的复合型污染,PM_2.5的二次生成及区域性的大气污染已经成为影响中国环境空气质量的关键因素。笔者分析了中国开展大气颗粒物组分监测网(简称组分网) 监测工作的紧迫需求,梳理了组分监测的工作目标,提出组分网与城市空气质量监测网、背景站监测网、区域站监测网和光化学网等的联合运用,为污染防治提供精准支撑。研究了 组分网的业务组织:分析了目前技术体系存在的不足,提出了亟需开展的技术体系建设内容； 梳理了组分网工作内容、各方职责,提出了形成国家、地方及社会化服务机构联合参与的工作机制； 借鉴美国大气颗粒物化学成分监测网等先进经验,提出了加强科研与业务化的合作发展以及加强人才队伍培训等工作的重要性。总结了 组分网建设面临的重点问题,提出了监测网络发展的建议。

Prospects and Design of National Atmospheric Particulate Chemical-Speciation-Network

At present, compound air pollution by PM_2.5 and ozone (O₃) is presented in China, and the secondary generation of PM_2.5 and regional air pollution have become the critical factors affecting ambient air quality. This article analyzes the urgent needs of atmospheric particulate chemical-speciation-network, hackles the work objectives of composition monitoring, and proposes the combination of urban air quality monitoring network, background station monitoring network, regional station monitoring network and photochemical network, etc. providing support for pollution prevention. The organization of atmospheric particulate chemical-speciation-network is studied. Analyzing the shortcomings of the current technical system, and proposes the urgent construction of the technical system. Combing the content and responsibilities of the network, and proposing the working mechanism of joint participation by national, local and social service organizations. Drawing on the advanced experience of the US Chemical Speciation Network, pointing the importance of strengthening the cooperation and development of scientific research and business,and the training of talent teams. The key problems in the construction of atmospheric particulate chemical-speciation-network are summarized,and the suggestions for monitoring development are put forward.