陆源有机污染对舟山海域大型底栖生物分布的影响

2009年4月对舟山海域进行了25个站位的底栖生物调查,结合同期进行初级生产力、海水水质等的调查数据,分析了初级生产力、富营养化等环境因子对舟山海域大型底栖生物分布的影响。结果表明,舟山海域大型底栖生物共获得84种,多毛类是主要优势类群。舟山海域大型底栖生物平均生物量为11.62g/m²,平均丰度为208.5个/平方米,多样性指数(H')为1.64。舟山海域大型底栖生物的生物量、丰度和多样性指数均呈现由近岸向外海递增的趋势。应用相关性统计分析表明,舟山海域大型底栖生物的分布与海水化学耗氧量(COD)、无机氮(DIN)、磷酸盐(DIP)、富营养化指数和底层溶解氧(DO)存在显著负相关;与初级生产力、盐度和透明度存在显著正相关。说明陆源有机污染、盐度、透明度、初级生产力和底层溶解氧是影响舟山海域大型底栖生物分布的主要因素,其中陆源有机污染是最主要的影响因素。

Effects of Terrigenous Organic Pollution on Distribution of Macrobenthos in Zhoushan Sea

25 stations were established to investigate the macrobenthos in Zhoushan sea in April 2009. Compared with the investigate data of primary productivity, seawater quality etc., the effects of environmental factors on distribution of macrobenthos in Zhoushan sea were analysed. The results showed that 84 species were identified, and Polychaeta was the dominant group. The total average biomass was 11.62g/m², the total average abundance was 208.5ind. /m², and the Shannon-weaver index (H') was 1.64. The distributions of abundance, biomass and Shannon-weaver index (H') were all high in offshore area, and low in nearshore area. Using correlation analysis, the distribution of macrobenthos showed significant negative correlations with COD, DIN, DIP, eutrophication index and bottom water DO; and significant positive correlations with Chl a, salinity, transparency. It was concluded that terrigenous organic pollution, primary productivity, salinity, transparency, bottom water DO were the main factors determining distribution of macrobenthos in Zhoushan sea, and terrigenous organic pollution was the most important factor.