中国北方山区水库与引黄水库富营养化特征

于2012年10月—2013年8月对中国北方地区2种典型水库:山区水库(卧虎山、锦绣川)和引黄水库(鹊山、玉清)进行了采样调查,对其水质特征和富营养化现状进行分析研究。结果表明:2类水库水质的最大差异在于山区水库的氮含量显著高于引黄水库,这主要与水源、氮素来源和水库的进水方式有关。山区水库中SD与藻类生物量、TP关系密切;而引黄水库中,影响SD的环境因素较复杂,除藻类生物量和氮、磷外,碱度和水温也与SD密切相关。全年水平上,卧虎山水库营养状态指数显著高于其他水库,属中-富营养水体,锦绣川水库、鹊山水库和玉清水库均属中营养水平。时间上,同类型水库的营养状态指数季节变化基本一致。参与营养状态计算的4个因子中,Chla和TN对营养状态指数的贡献最大,表明这两者是引起2类水库营养状态加重的重要原因。典型的水源及进水方式、流域人类活动类型和强度是影响山区水库和引黄水库营养状态的主要外部因素。

Eutrophication and Water Characteristics of Mountain and Yellow River Reservoirs in Northern China

A survey of eutrophication and water characteristics of two tyipal reservoirs, mountain reservoirs (Wohushan, Jinxiuchuan) and Yellow River reservoirs (Queshan, Yuqing), in Northern China was carried out from October 2012 to August 2013. A major founding from our study is that nitrogen concentration in mountainous reservoir was much higher than that in Yellow River reservoirs, which is related to water sources, nitrogen sources and way of reservoir inflow. Secchi depth (SD) showed a significant corelation with algal biomass and total phosphorus (TP) in mountainous reservoirs, while total alkalinity (TA) and water temperature was significantly corelated with SD in Yellow River reservoirs except algal biomss, nitrogen and phosphorus. During the annual year, trophic level index (TLI) in Wohushan Reservoir (47) was significantly higher than that in other three reservoirs, suggesting meso- eutrophicate water body, while Jinxiuchuan, Queshan and Yuqing Reservoirs were mesotrophic aquatic systems. There was no significant difference in TLI seasonal variations among the same kind of reservoir.chlorophyl a (Chla) and total nitrogen (TN) were main contributors to TLI calculation. In a summary, typical water sources, ways of reservoir inflow, human activities are important external factors affecting water quality of mountains and the Yellow River reservoir.