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工业园区和城区VOCs组成及化学活性的空间差异对清远大气臭氧污染分布的影响
引用本文:赵璞,姜盼,周炎,王伯光.工业园区和城区VOCs组成及化学活性的空间差异对清远大气臭氧污染分布的影响[J].中国环境监测,2022,38(6):101-116.
作者姓名:赵璞  姜盼  周炎  王伯光
作者单位:清远市环境保护宣传教育中心(清远市环境保护科技信息中心), 广东 清远 511500;青岛华思环保科技有限公司, 山东 青岛 266121;广东省生态环境监测中心, 广东 广州 510308;暨南大学环境与气候研究院, 广东 广州 510632
基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFE0106900);广东省科技计划项目(2019B121202002)
摘    要:工业化与城镇化交替演进使珠三角及其周边地区土地利用类型较为复杂。快速的城市化进程使城市建成区与大量村镇工业园区互相交错。这种变化势必会增加挥发性有机物(VOCs)在组分构成和空间分布上的复杂性,并对臭氧(O3)污染的时空变化产生影响。为厘清这种排放的空间异质性特征及其对O3污染分布的影响,分别选取可以代表清远市典型工业园区和城市建成区的站点开展观测研究。结果表明:工业园区和城市建成区VOCs浓度水平和污染特征有较大的空间差异,其中代表村镇工业园区的龙塘站VOCs日均浓度为30.42×10-9,高于代表城市建成区的技师学院站(17.32×10-9)。龙塘站二甲苯和甲苯的臭氧生成潜势(OFP)比技师学院站高57.6×10-9,且该值相当于技师学院站排名前10位物种OFP的总和。气象分析表明:2个站点之间并非彼此的上、下风向,而是共同受到局地气团的影响。源解析结果表明:源排放是造成这种空间异质性的内因,其中交通源对技师学院的贡献更高,而工业相关排放源对龙塘的贡献更高。该研究进一步比较了周边站点O3时间序列的一致性,并模拟2个站点的O3生成速率。研究发现O3在局地范围内变化较小,高VOCs排放的地点对局地O3有较高的贡献,局地内不同地点的O3生成过程也存在较大差异。据此,笔者提出O3污染防控建议:短期内可通过技术手段和观测数据发现O3污染的重要贡献点,并进行针对性的"散乱污"清理整治和涉VOCs行业综合整治,长期看应科学合理规划城市发展布局和产业布局,预留城市通风廊道,以有效减少O3污染。

关 键 词:挥发性有机物(VOCs)  空间异质性  浓度特征  源解析  臭氧(O3)
收稿时间:2022/9/19 0:00:00
修稿时间:2022/10/20 0:00:00

Spatial Heterogeneity of the Composition and Chemical Reactivity of VOCs in Industrial and Urban Built-up Areas and Its Impact on Atmospheric O3 in Qingyuan City
ZHAO Pu,JIANG Pan,ZHOU Yan,WANG Boguang.Spatial Heterogeneity of the Composition and Chemical Reactivity of VOCs in Industrial and Urban Built-up Areas and Its Impact on Atmospheric O3 in Qingyuan City[J].Environmental Monitoring in China,2022,38(6):101-116.
Authors:ZHAO Pu  JIANG Pan  ZHOU Yan  WANG Boguang
Institution:Qingyuan Environmental Protection Publicity and Education Center (Qingyuan Environmental Protection Science and Technology Information Center), Qingyuan 511500, China;Qingdao Huasi Environmental Technology Co Ltd, Qingdao 266121, China;Guangdong Ecological Environment Monitoring Center, Guangzhou 510308, China; Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
Abstract:The alternating evolution of industrialization and urbanization has led to a complex land use pattern in the Pearl River Delta and its surrounding areas.The rapid urbanization process has intertwined urban built-up areas with a large number of village and industrial zones.Such change inevitably increases the complexity of the composition and spatial heterogeneity of volatile organic compounds (VOCs),and has an impact on the spatial and temporal variability of ozone (O3) pollution.To clarify the spatial heterogeneity of such emissions and its impact on O3 pollution,Longtang (LT) and Institute of Technology (IOT),which can represent typical industrial and urban built-up areas in Qingyuan City,respectively,were selected for observation and analysis in this study.The results showed that there were large spatial differences in concentration levels and pollution characteristics of VOCs.The daily average concentration of VOCs at the LT was 30.42×10-9,which was higher than that at IOT (17.32×10-9).The ozone formation potential (OFP) of xylene and toluene at LT were 57.6×10-9 higher than that at IOT,which was equivalent to the sum of the OFPs of the top ten species OFPs at IOT.Meteorological analysis showed that the two sites were not upwind or downwind from each other,but were jointly exposed to local air masses.Source apportionment results suggested that emissions were endogenous to this spatial heterogeneity,with traffic sources dominant at IOT,while industrial-related emission sources contributed more at LT.The O3 production rates at the two sites were further simulated and the consistency of the O3 time series at the surrounding sites was compared.The results showed that O3 was less variable at the local scale.The sites with high VOCs emissions had higher contribution to local O3,and the O3 formation process also varied widely among sites within the local area.The prevention and control of O3 pollution were put forward based on this study.In the short term,the important contribution points of O3 pollution should be found through technical means and observational data.And targeted clean-up and treatment of scattered pollution and comprehensive regulation of industries involving VOCs should be carried out.In the long term,the urban development and industrial layout should be planned scientifically and rationally,and urban ventilation corridors should be reserved to effectively reduce the generation of O3 pollution.
Keywords:volatile organic compounds  spatial heterogeneity  concentration characteristics  sources apportionment  ozone
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