真藓对碳酸盐型锰矿区重金属污染的指示意义

锰矿开采产生重金属污染,对周围环境造成影响,有必要对矿区重金属进行监测。研究以典型碳酸盐型锰矿——南茶锰矿(按职能划分为4个功能区:矿井区、废石区、选矿区、蓄矿区)为对象,以区域内真藓Bryum argenteum为材料,结合相关分析、聚类分析、主成分分析、变异系数等方法考察了真藓和土壤中重金属的含量及其可能的来源。结果表明:各功能区均受到不同程度的人为干扰,人为干扰越强,区域污染越严重。在不同污染梯度的功能区内,真藓的重金属(Fe、Mn、Zn、Cr、Ni、Ba、Co、Mo、Hg、Pb、Cd、Cu、Tl、As、Sb)含量与土壤重金属含量显著正相关(P<0.05),说明真藓是监测碳酸盐型锰矿重金属污染的有效指标。真藓指示南茶锰矿除了可能受到采矿活动的强烈影响外(Mn、Cu、Fe、Zn、Cr、Ni、Mo、Ba),还受到来自运输车辆的机械磨损、排放及采矿活动的复合污染(Tl、Cd、Pb、As、Sb),识别结果与区域重金属分布情况吻合,表明真藓具有识别重金属污染的能力。在今后碳酸盐型锰矿污染防治工作中,可将真藓作为重金属污染监测的生物材料。

Indication of Bryum argenteum for Heavy Metal Pollution in Carbonate Manganese Ore Areas

Manganese mining produces large amounts of heavy metals elements,which pollute the surrounding environment,and it is necessary to monitor the heavy metals in the mining area.In this study,a typical carbonate manganese mine,Nancha Manganese Mine (divided into four functional areas according to functions:the mine entrance,the waste rock area,the beneficiation area and the manganese ore storage) was used as the research object,and Bryum argenteum in the study area was used as the research material,combined with correlation,cluster,principal component analyses,CV coefficient of variation and other methods to analyze the content of heavy metals in Bryum argenteum and its soil.The results showed that all functional areas were subject to different degrees of human disturbances,and the stronger the human disturbances,the more serious the regional heavy metals pollution.In the functional areas with different pollution gradients,the content of heavy metals (Fe,Mn,Zn,Cr,Ni,Ba,Co,Mo,Hg,Pb,Cd,Cu,Tl,As,Sb) in Bryum argenteum showed significant positive correlations with those in soil (P<0.05),indicating that Bryum argenteum is an effective biological indicator for monitoring heavy metals pollution in carbonate manganese mines.Bryum argenteum indicated that Nancha Manganese Mine might be strongly influenced by mining activities (Mn,Cu,Fe,Zn,Cr,Ni,Mo,Ba),but also by compound pollution (Tl,Cd,Pb,As,Sb) from vehicular emission,wearing of vehicle components and mining activities.And the recognition results were in good agreement with the regional distribution of heavy metals,indicating that Bryum argenteum has the ability to identify heavy metal pollution.In future pollution prevention of carbonate manganese mine,Bryum argenteum can be used as a biomaterial for monitoring heavy metal pollution.