生活垃圾填埋场覆盖膜破损及其环境影响

中国的垃圾填埋场目前多采用高密度聚乙烯膜(HDPE)进行覆盖,已建成的填埋场均存在不同程度覆盖膜破损现象。采用填埋气泄漏可视化检测技术对中国东部某大型生活垃圾填埋场开展覆盖膜完整性检测,揭示了覆盖膜破损特征及破损成因,明确了破损点泄漏量,评估了其温室效应影响,梳理了国内外填埋场覆盖层监管相关管理规定和措施。结果表明:尖锐物体应力损伤导致的破损是填埋场覆盖膜破损的主要类型,粗放施工、监管机制不足、维护管理不到位是造成填埋场覆盖膜破损的主要原因。破损点的甲烷泄漏量约为817.2 m³/d,约合每年向大气环境释放温室气体超过4 900 t CO₂-eq。完善填埋场污染控制标准和技术规范、加强填埋场覆盖膜完整性的监管,是控制填埋场温室气体排放和推进固废处置设施碳减排的重要举措。

Leakages of Cover Film in Domestic Waste Landfill and Its Environmental Impact

Currently,landfill sites in China are mostly covered with high density polyethylene (HDPE),and there are different degrees of HDPE film leakage in landfills.In this paper,a visual detection technology of landfill gas leakage was used to detect the integrity of HDPE film in a large domestic waste landfill in eastern China.The characteristic and causes of the leakage of HDPE film were revealed,and the amounts of the leakage were clarified.Additionally,its greenhouse effect of environment was evaluated.Finally,management regulation and measures for supervision of landfill cover film were sorted out.The results indicated that the sharp object is the mainly type of the leakage of HDPE film in landfill,and extensive construction,inadequate supervision mechanism,and inadequate maintenance and management are the main reasons for landfill HDPE film leakage.Around 817.2 m³/d methane released from landfill HDPE leakage,which is equivalent to releasing more than 4900 t CO₂-eq/a of greenhouse gas into the atmosphere every year.Improving landfill pollution control standards and technical specifications,and strengthening the supervision of the integrity of landfill covering films are important measures to control landfill greenhouse gas emissions and promote carbon emission reduction for solid waste disposal facilities.