固定污染源监测体系发展回顾及"十四五"建议

党的十八大以来,特别是"十三五"时期我国固定污染源监测体系在管理制度、监测技术、信息平台、业务体系方面均取得了积极进展。但随着排污许可制度的全面实施,省以下环保机构监测监察执法垂改全面完成,减污降碳全面提级,我国固定污染源监测体系面临着专项制度不完善、自行监测数据质量监管压力大、基层执法监测高需求与低能力矛盾突出、减污降碳监测体系有待系统设计等突出问题。为了适应新形势下生态环境管理需求,建议:健全制度体系,研究制订《固定污染源监测管理办法》;完善技术体系和质控体系,加快快速、便携、智能化的污染源监测新技术体系及基于物联、信息技术的全流程、全链条质控体系的研究应用;优化业务体系,推动污染源执法监测与排污单位自行监测帮扶规范化和监测信息平台改造提升及应用。

Study on Stationary Pollution Source Monitoring System Development Effectiveness,Problems and Suggestions in the 14th Five-Year Plan Period in China

During the 13th Five-Year Plan period,the stationary pollution source monitoring system in China has achieved positive results in terms of management system,monitoring technology,information platform and business system.However,along with the full implementation of the discharge permit system,the finish of the vertical reform of monitoring,supervision and law enforcement by environmental protection agencies below the provincial level,and the comprehensive upgradation of pollution reduction and carbon reduction,the stationary pollution source monitoring system in China is facing with the imperfection of special institution,the supervision pressure of self-monitoring data quality,the contradiction of grassroots law enforcement monitoring between high demand and low capacity,and the establishment of monitoring system for pollution reduction and carbon reduction.In order to meet the needs of ecological and environmental management under the new situation,it is suggested to study and formulate the monitoring administration measure of the stationary pollution source,accelerate the research and application of new technology systems for rapid,portable and intelligent pollution source monitoring,improve the entire process and the whole chain quality control system based on the Internet of Things and information technology.All the improvement will promote the capacity building programs of monitoring institutions at different levels to meet the requirements of law enforcement monitoring for the stationary pollution source and upgrade the interconnection and interoperability of information platforms based on off-site law enforcement.