长三角典型城市公交车实际道路细颗粒物排放测试

为研究长三角典型城市公交车细颗粒物排放特征，采用便携式排放测试系统（PEMS），对上海、杭州和苏州三大城市的8辆典型城市公交车开展实际道路细颗粒物排放实验。研究结果表明：长三角典型城市车辆的实际道路平均车速为22.7 km/h，怠速比例为20.4%，加减速比例为54.5%；在稳态行驶工况下，随车速增大，公交车颗粒物质量及数量排放呈逐渐增大趋势；在20 km/h车速范围内，上海国III、国IV和苏州国III公交车颗粒数浓度呈双峰粒径分布，其他公交车均为单峰分布；随比功率的增大，公交车颗粒质量呈逐渐增大的趋势，国IV公交车颗粒数量呈先下降再增大趋势，国III公交车颗粒数量呈上升趋势；公交车颗粒质量综合排放因子为0.8~189 mg/km，颗粒数量综合排放因子为6.2×10¹²~9.6×10¹⁴#/km。

On-road Fine Particle Emissions Measurement of Typical Urban Bus in Yangtze River Delta

To study the fine particle emission characteristics of urban bus in typical cities of the Yangtze River Delta, a portable emission measurement system (PEMS) was used in this study to test the particle emissions from 8 typical urban buses operating on actual road in Shanghai, Hangzhou and Suzhou. The experimental results showed that the average speed of on-road in the Yangtze River Delta was close to 22 km/h, idle speed proportion 20.4%, and added deceleration proportion 54.5%. In steady state, the fine particle matter and number emission of buses increased with the increasing vehicle speed. Within the speed of 20 km/h, the different size particle number concentration of Suzhou China III, Shanghai China III and China IV bus appeared bimodal distributions, and remaining buses were single peak. In instant state, with the increase of VSP, the fine particle matter emission of buses gradually increased, the instant state emission particle number of China IV bus was first declined then increases, and China III bus presented a rising trend; Bus particles matter integrated emissions factor was within the range of 0.8-189 mg/km, and bus particles number integrated emissions factor was in the range of 6.2×10¹²-9.6×10¹⁴#/km.