中国流域水环境生物监测体系构成和发展

分析了国外水环境生物监测体系的构成和特点;总结了中国生物监测的发展历程、基础、存在问题和发展需求;提出了体系发展的总体发展目标,即以流域为单元,以各级支流为监测区段,发展以实现流域水环境生态完整性评价为目的的综合监测体系;同时,着重介绍了重点发展内容:建立以市级站为核心的监测网络;建立包含4个板块的核心业务监测能力;开展生物监测业务标准化建设;进一步完善水环境质量评价报告。对全国监测系统生物监测体系的构成和发展提出建议:在总体发展目标指导下,完成构建水环境生物监测技术体系、构建全国水环境生物监测网络体系、建立数据管理与评价平台及建立运行保障体系4个分目标,实现中国环境管理以"污染防治"为重点到以"生态健康"为目的的转折。

Constitution and Development of National River Basin Water Environmental Biomonitoring System

The structure and characteristic of foreign water environmental biomonitoring system are analyzed, and the process, foundation, existing problems and the demand of development of biomonitoring in China are summarized. The overall development objective is proposed which put watershed as a monitoring unit, put all levels of tributaries as monitoring sections, and develop comprehensive monitoring system with the purpose of achieving river basin water environmental ecological integrity assessment. The paper focus on the key development content: establishing a monitoring network with the municipal monitoring centers as the core. building the core business monitoring abilities including four fields. developing standardization construction on biomonitoring work. further improving the assessment report of water environmental quality. Meanwhile, some suggestions on the constitution and development of biomonitoring system of national-wide monitoring system are proposed as following: under the guidance of the overall development objective, to complete four sub goals, as the construction of national water environment biomonitoring network system, the establishment of water environment biomonitoring technique system, the building of data management and assessment platform, and the establishment of operational security system, Finally, the turning of our environmental management which changes from the "pollution prevention" as the key purpose to the "ecological health" will achieve.