“十三五”时期哈尔滨空气质量变化特征及影响因素分析

对"十三五"期间哈尔滨市空气质量状况、变化特征及影响因素进行分析,为哈尔滨市打赢蓝天保卫战提供科学参考。以哈尔滨市为研究区域,基于哈尔滨市12个国控监测点位监测结果,对"十三五"期间哈尔滨市环境空气质量优良天数及6项污染物进行分析,总结了环境空气质量变化特征及影响因素。结果表明:"十三五"期间,哈尔滨市环境空气质量呈现波动向好趋势,较"十二五"期间大幅改善,除细颗粒物外,其他指标已稳定达二级标准,臭氧成为仅次于细颗粒物的首要污染物,冬季燃煤污染是环境空气最主要的污染来源,秋季秸秆焚烧及春季清除秸秆根茬也会产生一定影响。

Change Patterns and Influence Factors of Air Quality in Harbin During the 13th Five-Year Plan Period

By analyzing the air quality status,change characteristics and influencing factors in Harbin during the 13th Five-Year Plan period,this paper provides scientific reference for Harbin to win the battle against air pollution.Taking Harbin as the research area,based on the monitoring results of 12 national control monitoring points in Harbin,this paper analyzed the excellent days of ambient air quality and six pollutants in Harbin from 2013 to 2020,then the change characteristics and influencing factors of ambient air quality were summarized.The results showed that during the 13th Five-Year Plan period,the ambient air quality in Harbin showed a positive trend of fluctuation,which was significantly improved compared with the 12th Five-Year Plan period.Except for fine particles,other indicators had reached the secondary standard steadily.Ozone became the primary pollutant next to fine particles.Coal burning pollution in winter was the main source of environmental air pollution.Straw burning in autumn and straw stubble removal in spring had a certain impact.