贵州省高峰村卡林型金矿苔藓植物调查及污染指示研究

为研究苔藓植物在重金属污染中的监测作用及其对重金属的富集能力,调查了贵州省喀斯特山区高峰村卡林型金矿苔藓植物的种类,并对该金矿区各生境中的苔藓植物优势种及基质进行Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb、Hg、As测定分析。利用检测数据,通过相关性分析和富集系数完成本次研究。在采集到的169份苔藓标本中,发现苔藓植物12科26属50种,优势科为丛藓科和真藓科,生活型以矮丛集型为主。该金矿2个开采点的苔藓植物科、属、种的相似性系数分别为58. 82%、55. 56%和27. 59%。2个开采点的苔藓植物与其基质的重金属含量呈现良好的正相关性,其中硬叶净口藓Cd和Zn的相关系数为0. 973和0. 892,属于显著正相关;各生境中的优势苔藓植物对Cd的富集能力最强,其中羽枝青藓和硬叶净口藓对Cd强烈富集,富集系数为16. 52和5. 58。当地硬叶净口藓对Cd和Zn污染有明确指示作用。

Investigation of the Bryophytes in Carlin-Type Gold Deposits and Their Pollution Indications in Gaofeng Village, Guizhou Province

In order to study the monitoring effect of bryophytes in heavy metal pollution and their enrichment ability for heavy metals, the species of bryophytes in the Carlin-type gold deposits in Gaofeng Village, Karst mountainous area, Guizhou Province were investigated, and the heavy metal contents of Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, Hg and As in dominant species of bryophytes and their substrates in each habitat of the gold mining area were determined. Using the test data, the study was completed by correlation analysis and enrichment coefficients. Among the 169 moss specimens collected, bryophyte was found in 12 families, 26 genera and 50 species, the dominant families were Pottiaceae and Bryaceae, and the life form was mainly short turfs. The similarity coefficients of bryophyte, genus and species in the two mining sites of the gold mine were 58.82%, 55.56% and 27.59%, respectively. There was a good positive correlation between the bryophytes and the heavy metal content of their substrates in the two mining sites. The correlation coefficients of Cd and Zn in the Cymnostomum subrigidulum (Broth.) chen were 0.973 and 0.892, which were significant positive correlation; the dominant bryophytes in each habitat of the two mining sites had the strongest enrichment ability for Cd, and the Brachythecium plumosum (Hedw.) B.S.G. and Cymnostomum subrigidulum (Broth.) chen were strongly enriched for Cd, with enrichment coefficients of 16.52 and 5.58, respectively. The local Cymnostomum subrigidulum (Broth.) chen has a clear indication of Cd and Zn pollution.