农业面源污染防治的监测问题分析

近年来,农业面源污染已成为许多国家和地区水环境质量改善的主要影响因素,开展农业面源污染监测将为深入打好污染防治攻坚战提供重要支撑。该文系统分析当前我国农业面源污染监测存在的主要问题,综合考虑国内外经验,提出如下建议:采取空间嵌套式的布局模式优化地表水环境监测点位,充分发挥环境监测的预测预报和风险评估功能;建立包括污染源、产排污系数和空间传输过程的农业面源污染全过程监测网络;定期开展土壤氮、磷养分含量评估和地下水硝酸盐氮测定和评估;建立完善数据整合与共享机制。

Analysis on Monitoring and Practices of Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution Control

In recent years,agricultural non-point source pollution has become a major factor in the improvement of water environment quality in many countries and regions.Agricultural non-point source pollution monitoring will provide important support for pollution control.After many years of research in the world,a lot of practical experience has been accumulated.In this article,we analyzes the main problems of current agricultural non-point source pollution monitoring in China.With considering domestic and foreign experience,the main results show that 1) to optimize the monitoring points of surface water environment by adopting spatial nesting layout mode,and make use of the prediction and risk assessment functions of water quality monitoring;2) to establish a monitoring network for the whole process of agricultural non-point source pollution including pollution sources,pollution production and discharge coefficients,as well as spatial transmission processes;3) regularly carry out soil nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient content assessment and groundwater nitrate nitrogen determination and assessment;4) to establish a data integration and sharing mechanism.