灰霾期间武汉城市区域大气污染物的理化特征

利用湖北省大气复合污染自动监测站2013年的全年监测数据,分析了灰霾期间武汉城市区域大气污染物的理化特征。霾日主要出现在春季、秋季和冬季。霾日与非霾日大气污染物质量浓度和气象参数的对比分析结果显示:高湿度、静风是武汉城市区域霾日的重要气象特征;PM1、PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、NO_2、CO、NH3的质量浓度,SOR、NOR值以及PM_(2.5)中的二次无机离子(SO2-4、NO-3、NH+4)和部分元素(Pb、Se、Cd、Zn、K)的质量浓度均在霾日明显高于非霾日,而霾日SO2质量浓度仅在冬季略高于非霾日。选取2013年1月的连续灰霾日进行相关性分析,结果表明:污染组分主要来自当地排放(包括直接排放和二次形成),并受当地气象条件影响。此次灰霾过程中PM_(2.5)中的硫酸盐和硝酸盐主要来自气相反应,气态NO_2主要生成了气态HNO_3,而不是HNO_2。

The Physical and Chemical Properties of Atmospheric Pollutant in Wuhan Urban Area during the Haze

Using the monitoring data of the year 2013 from Hubei atmospheric compound pollution automatic monitoring station, analyzed the physical and chemical properties of atmospheric pollutant in Wuhan urban area during the haze. Haze days mainly occurred in spring, autumn and winter. According to the results of the comparison between the atmospheric pollutant concentration and meteorological parameters in haze days and in non-haze days, high humidity and no wind was the important meteorological characteristics of haze days in Wuhan Urban Area; The concentration of the PM₁, PM_2.5, PM₁₀, NO₂, CO, NH₃, and the SOR, NOR, and the concentration of secondary inorganic ions such as SO₄^2-, NO₃^-, NH₄⁺, and elements such as Pb, Se, Cd, Zn, K was significantly higher in haze day than in non-haze days in spring, autumn and winter. But only in winter, the concentration of SO₂ in haze days was slightly higher than in non-haze days. Choosing the monitoring data of continuous haze days in January 2013, the correlation analysis showed that the main pollution components came from local emissions, including direct emissions and secondary formation, and also influenced by the local meteorological conditions. During this haze process, the sulfate and the nitrate in PM_2.5 mainly came from gas phase reaction, gaseous NO₂ mainly generated gaseous HNO₃, instead of HNO₂.