抚顺市PM10中元素分布特征及来源分析

为了确定抚顺市PM10中元素的浓度特征及其来源,于2006—2007年的采暖季、风沙季和非采暖季在抚顺市的6个采样点采集PM10样品,并用等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定样品中Ti、Al、Mn、Mg、Ca、Na、K、Cu、Zn、As、Pb、Cr、Ni、Co、Cd、Fe、V等17种元素的含量。结果表明,Al、Mg、Ca、Na、K、Mn、Fe等地壳元素在17种元素中占有较大比重,全年平均达到97.0%。富集因子分析结果表明,Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr、Co、Cd等元素在各季和各采样点明显受到人为活动影响,是典型的污染元素。主因子分析结果显示,土壤风沙尘、建筑尘、燃煤尘、道路扬尘、机动车尾气排放、金属冶炼、锰、铜、钛工业源是抚顺市PM10中元素的主要来源。

Elemental Characteristics and Source Apportionment of PM10 in Fushun

In order to investigate the elemental concentrations and their source of atmospheric PM₁₀ in Fushun, PM₁₀ samples were collected at six sites in heating season, sand season and non-heating season from 2006 to 2007 in Fushun. And the concentrations of 17 elements in the samples (Ti,Al,Mn,Mg,Ca,Na,K,Cu,Zn,As,Pb,Cr,Ni,Co,Cd,Fe,V) were determined using ICP-AES technique. The results showed that the crustal elements (Al,Mg,Ca,Na,K,Mn,Fe) accounted for a large proportion of all the 17 elements, 97.0% annually. Cu,Zn,Pb,Cr,Co,Cd were typical pollution elements and generally from anthropogenic sources in all the seasons and all the sampling sites by the enrichment factor analysis. The main sources for elements in PM₁₀ were soil dust, constructional dust, coal combustion, road dust, vehicle emission, metal melting and industrial process of manganese, copper and titanium by principal component analysis (PCA).