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上海青浦地区大气降水的化学特征
引用本文:黎彬,王峰.上海青浦地区大气降水的化学特征[J].中国环境监测,2016,32(5):24-29.
作者姓名:黎彬  王峰
作者单位:上海市青浦区环境监测站, 上海 201700,上海市青浦区环境监测站, 上海 201700
摘    要:利用上海青浦地区2003—2014年观测的大气降水监测资料,分析该区域12 a以来大气降水的酸化程度、化学组成特征,探讨降水中化学成分的不同来源及相对贡献。结果表明:降水pH年均值为4.43~6.33,酸雨频率为2.6%~86.8%,降水酸化程度大致经历了明显恶化和波动变化2个阶段。降水电导率年均值为1.77~4.01 m S/m,呈下降趋势。降水中各离子雨量加权平均当量浓度顺序为SO_4~(2-)NH_4~+Ca~(2+)NO_3~-Cl~-Na~+Mg~(2+)F-K~+,SO_4~(2-)、NH+4、Ca~(2+)和NO_3~-是降水中的主要离子,占离子总量的83.0%;降水类型由硫酸型向硫酸和硝酸混合型转变。降水离子中的二次组分SO_4~(2-)、NO_3~-和NH_4~+绝大部分来源于人为源,Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)和K+主要来自于土壤源和人为源的贡献,Cl~-主要来自海洋源,同时人为源的影响也不可忽视。

关 键 词:大气降水  酸雨  化学特征  来源
收稿时间:2015/12/11 0:00:00
修稿时间:2016/1/22 0:00:00

Chemical Characteristics of Atmospheric Precipitation in Qingpu District of Shanghai
LI Bin and WANG Feng.Chemical Characteristics of Atmospheric Precipitation in Qingpu District of Shanghai[J].Environmental Monitoring in China,2016,32(5):24-29.
Authors:LI Bin and WANG Feng
Institution:Qingpu District Environmental Monitoring Station, Shanghai 201700, China and Qingpu District Environmental Monitoring Station, Shanghai 201700, China
Abstract:To explore the source and relative contribution of chemical composition of atmospheric precipitation in Qingpu District, Shanghai, the acidification and chemical composition of which were analyzed based on monitoring date from 2003 to 2014. The results showed that the average pH of precipitation ranged from 4.43 to 6.33, and the frequency of acid rain ranged from 2.6% to 86.8%. The acidification of precipitation was going through two stages with getting worse and fluctuant. Annual average conductivity was decreased during investigated 12 years ranged from 1.77 to 4.01 mS/m. The volume-weighted mean equivalent concentrations of precipitation components were observed in the order as SO42- > NH4+ > Ca2+ > NO3- > Cl- > Na+ > Mg2+ > F- > K+. And SO42-, NH4+, Ca2+,NO3- were the dominant compositions in precipitation, accounting for 83.0% of the total ions. Precipitation changed from sulfuric to sulfuric-nitrous mixed type. The secondary component in precipitation derived from various sources, for example, SO42-, NO3- and NH4+ were mainly derived from anthropogenic sources. Ca2+, Mg2+ and K+ were mainly from the contribution of soil and anthropogenic sources, and Cl- was mainly from marine sources and also part of anthropogenic sources.
Keywords:atmospheric precipitation  acid rain  chemical characteristics  source
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