生物监测技术在工业废水监测领域的应用研究

生物监测可以系统反映污染物对生物生长的影响及其在生物体内的转化和迁移,在水环境监测与生态健康管理中的重要性日益突出。伴随着工业化的快速发展,中国水环境污染问题依然严峻,工业废水治理和排放问题仍旧突出。为进一步保障工业废水出水及受纳水体水质安全,迫切需要在工业废水监测中引入生物监测技术。对传统微生物群落监测法、水生生物毒性监测法和基于分子生物学技术的微生群落监测法等在工业废水监测领域的研究及应用进行了综述,并对存在的问题进行了总结。建议后续进一步完善工业废水生物监测体系时,参考国外成熟经验,制定出符合国内需求及特征的工业废水生物监测方法与评价标准,以便更好地掌握工业区整体环境健康及污染状况。

Research and Application of Biological Monitoring Technology in the Field of Industrial Wastewater Monitoring

Biological monitoring can reflect the effects of pollutants on the biological growth and their transformation and migration in organisms systematically,which has been playing an increasingly important role in aquatic environmental monitoring and ecosystem health management.With the rapid development of industry,the problem of water pollution in China is becoming more and more serious,while the problems of industrial wastewater treatment and discharge become prominent as well.To further ensure the water quality of effluent and receiving water,biological monitoring technologies are required urgently into industrial wastewater monitoring.Research and application of biological monitoring technology in industrial wastewater were reviewed,including traditional microbiological monitoring,aquatic toxicity monitoring and monitoring technology based on molecular biology.Finally,the existing problems were also summarized.It is suggested that in the follow-up improvement of the biological monitoring system of industrial wastewater,the mature experience of foreign countries should be taken into account to develop biological monitoring methods and evaluation standards of industrial wastewater with different characteristics in China,so as to better grasp the overall environmental health status of the industrial zone.