2018年大连海域船舶大气污染物排放特征及影响分析

船舶废气已成为大气污染物的重要来源之一。为掌握大连周边海域船舶大气污染物排放特征,以及大连海域船舶排放对大连市大气环境的影响,基于船舶自动识别系统监测数据,采用基于功率的动力法估算出2018年大连海域船舶排放清单,并利用WRF、SMOKE、CMAQ空气质量数值模拟系统,研究了1月、4月、7月、10月船舶排放对大连市大气环境的影响。研究结果表明,2018年大连海域船舶共排放SO₂ 7 606.23 t、NO_x 30 990.13 t、PM₁₀ 1 212.02 t、PM_2.5 969.58 t、CO 3 339.10 t、HC 1 414.63 t、CO₂ 2 546 299.67 t。其中,客船、散货船、油船和多用途船的排放占比较大,排放区域主要集中在大连湾、大窑湾附近及周边航道。受气候因素影响,不同月份的船舶排放对大连市大气环境的影响不同,其中,1月、4月和10月受影响较大的区域主要是旅顺口区和金州区,而7月受影响较大的区域主要是甘井子区。

Emission Characteristics and Impacts of Air Pollutants from Ships in Dalian Sea Area in 2018

Ship exhaust has become one of the important sources of air pollution.In order to grasp and analyze the characteristics of ship air pollutant emissions in the waters around Dalian and analyze the impact of ship emissions in Dalian waters on Dalian city in 2018,this paper estimated the emission inventory of merchant ships in Dalian waters in 2018 based on ship Automatic Identification System data using the power-based dynamics method,and used the WRF,SMOKE,CMAQ air quality numerical simulation system as a research tool to study the impact of ship pollution emissions on Dalian city in the four months of January,April,July and October.The results showed that in 2018,merchant ships in Dalian waters emitted 7 606.23 tons of SO₂,30 990.13 tons of NO_x,1 212.02 tons of PM₁₀,969.58 tons of PM_2.5,3 339.10 tons of CO,1 414.63 tons of HC and 2 546 299.67 tons of CO₂,with passenger ships,bulk carriers,oil tankers and multipurpose ships accounting for a larger share of emissions,and emissions were mainly concentrated in Dalian Bay,near Dayao Bay and in the waterway.Due to the climate,the impact of air pollutant emissions from ships on Dalian city varied in different months,with the more affected areas in January,April and October being mainly Lyushunkou and Jinzhou districts,while in July the more affected areas were mainly Ganjingzi district.