现行监测方法标准与监测技术规范中存在的问题与改进

研究与分析了现行有效的环境监测方法标准与监测技术规范,指出了一些较早颁布的环境监测方法标准如最经常使用的《水质化学需氧量的测定重铬酸盐法》(GB 11914—1989)等存在的未明确给出检出限、测定下限(即未给出方法的定性、半定量以及定量监测范围)以及使用术语不统一、不规范等问题。研究发现,《地表水和污水监测技术规范》(HJ/T 91—2002)等监测技术规范普遍存在的最大缺陷是没有引入测定下限的概念,未考虑与规定半定量区间内的监测结果报出问题。此外,这些规范也存在着术语使用不统一、不规范的现象,且对于低于检出限的监测结果应如何报出与参与统计的规定存在不一致现象。研究列举了一些存在问题的环境监测方法标准和环境监测技术规范,对其进行剖析,揭示问题,并对其下一步的修改、完善提出建议。

Problems in the Current Environmental Monitoring Methods Standards and Technical Specifications and Its Improvement

The current effective environmental monitoring methods standards and technical specifications were analyzed in this paper. It pointed out that there are many problems existing in some environmental monitoring method standards promulgated earlier, like the most frequently used standard Water Quality the Chemical Oxygen Demand Determination of Dichromate Method (GB 11914-1989) was not explicitly given the detection limit, determination of the lower limit (qualitative, semi quantitative and quantitative monitoring range of the methods were not given). And the non-standard use of terms in these monitoring method standards as well. The paper considered that the maximum defect in some monitoring technical specifications such as Technical Specification for Surface water and Sewage Monitoring (HJ/T 91-2002) was no concept of lower limit of measurement being introduced. And the problem of the data reported in the semi quantitative interval was not considered. So does the non-standard use of terms in these monitoring technical specifications. In addition, the rules about the results reported when the monitoring results were lower than the detection limit were not consistent. Some defective environmental monitoring methods standards and technical specifications were listed and revealed, and suggestions for its modification and improvement were proposed.