2005—2010年沙尘天气影响我国城市环境空气质量分析

根据2005年建成较完整的环保重点城市空气质量日报监测网后的监测数据,分析2005—2010年期间,影响113个环保重点城市空气质量的沙尘天气过程次数范围在每年5~14次之间,平均每年10次左右,总计59次。在此期间,影响113个重点城市空气质量的沙尘天气过程累计的影响时间总计130 d,平均在每年22 d左右。影响环保重点城市的沙尘天气过程主要集中在3—5月,在部分年份的1—2月、6月和11—12月也有出现。受沙尘天气影响,113个重点城市总共的超标天次平均每年在332 d次左右,每年范围在147~546 d次之间。其中,受沙尘暴天气影响的重污染天次平均每年在40 d次左右,每年范围在14~78 d次之间。受沙尘暴天气影响的超标天和重污染天主要出现在3~5月。近年来沙尘天气对我国尤其是北方地区的影响程度很大。每年沙尘天气过程对我国城市空气质量影响的时间不短,尤其在春季对我国东中部地区城市造成了很严重的影响,近年大范围的沙尘天气过程还影响到了我国东南包括台湾地区和香港澳门地区。

The Analysis for the Impact of Dust-weather On the Urban Ambient Air Quality In China During 2005~2010

During 2005~2010 there were totally about 59 large-scale dust-weather or sandstorm cases in the mainland. Among them,there were about 10 episodes that could impact the ambient air quality of the major environmental protection cities. Inflected by the dust-weather or sandstorm,the non-attainment days appearing in the major environmental protection cities were approximately 332 days,which included about 40 heavy pollution days according to the daily standards of Air Pollution index (API). These episodes most occurred in the spring season every year. Conclusively,the dust-weather or sandstorm have a significant impact on the urban ambient air quality in the mainland of China,which the inflection could even reach to the south-east areas including Hongkong and Taiwan region. To reduce impact of dust-weather or sandstorm on the urban ambient air quality,the ecological situation should be continuously improved with efforts.