上海市土壤氟含量风险管控限值探讨

受工业活动影响,上海市典型工业区表层土壤氟中位值普遍高于"七五"背景值。针对工业企业场地土壤氟化物高值现象,目前仍缺乏相关的管理标准体系,且基于总量的评估分析方法已无法满足日益增长的精细化管理需求。详细梳理了国内外氟化物相关标准体系,并对上海市土壤氟限值进行了探讨。基于上海市典型工业场地特征参数计算得到的土壤氟化物筛选值高于上海市土壤"七五"背景值,与上海市工业场地调查得到的土壤氟化物高值基本持平;第一类、第二类用地的氟化物筛选建议值分别为1 980、10 000 mg/kg。与氟化物相比,水溶态氟化物是影响作物体内氟含量的重要因素,且在淋溶等作用下会对地下水安全构成威胁。考虑到水溶态氟化物的环境行为与风险,建议针对农田土壤开展水溶性氟化物含量限值研究。

Discussion on Risk Control Limits of Soil Fluorine Content in Shanghai

Influenced by industrial activities, the median value of fluorine in surface soil of Shanghai typical industrial areas is generally higher than the background value of the Seventh Five-Year Plan. In view of the high value of fluoride in the soil of industrial enterprises, there is still a lack of relevant management standard system, and the evaluation and analysis method based on the total amount can not meet the increasing demand of refined management. In this paper, the fluoride standard systems at home and abroad were reviewed in detail, and the limits of fluoride in soil in Shanghai were discussed. The screening value calculated based on the characteristic parameters of typical industrial sites in Shanghai is higher than the background value of soil in Shanghai, which is basically the same as the high value of soil fluoride obtained from the survey in industrial sites. The recommended screening values for the first and second types of land are 1 980 mg/kg and 10 000 mg/kg, respectively. Compared with fluoride, water-soluble fluoride is an important factor affecting the change of fluoride content in crops, and it will threaten the safety of groundwater under the action of leaching. Considering the environmental behavior and risks of water-soluble fluoride, it is suggested that the content limit of water-soluble fluoride should be studied for farmland soil.