基于压力-状态-响应(PSR)模型的黄河流域环境安全评价体系法治化研究

黄河流域环境安全评价包括对水环境质量、水环境健康、水环境风险的综合评估和对环境治理有效性的评价,是监测河流环境安全和支撑环境管理决策的重要技术手段。当前,我国尚未形成全面、有效的黄河流域环境安全评价体系。为此,基于压力-状态-响应(PSR)模型,构建了一套具有法治特色的黄河流域环境安全评价指标体系,并以黄河流域河南段2019年和2020年环境治理工作为例,对模型进行了验证。同时,提出探索赋予河流合法权利,完善以《黄河保护法》为核心的黄河流域环境风险防控法律体系,将适应性治理融入联合执法,建立和完善“河长-警长-检察长”联动机制,建立黄河流域环境风险治理体系和突发环境事件监控预警体系等法治化建议。

Legalization of Environmental Safety Assessment System in the Yellow River Basin Based on Pressure-State-Response (PSR) Model

Environmental safety assessment of the Yellow River Basin includes comprehensive assessment of water environment quality,water environment health,water environment risk,and evaluation of the effectiveness of environmental governance.It is an important technical means for monitoring river environment safety and guiding decision-making.At present,China has not yet formed a comprehensive and effective environmental safety assessment system for the Yellow River Basin,and the role of public security organs in river environmental safety management is often neglected.Therefore,based on the pressure-state-response (PSR) model,a set of environmental safety evaluation index system of the Yellow River Basin with legal characteristics is constructed,taking the 2019 and 2020 environmental management work of the Henan section of the Yellow River Basin as examples,the model is verified.At the same time,it is proposed to explore and grant legal rights to rivers,to speed up the establishment of the Yellow River Basin environmental risk prevention and control legal system centered on the promulgation of the "Yellow River Protection Law",to integrate adaptive governance into joint law enforcement,and to establish and improve the "River Chief-Sheriff-Procurator-General" linkage mechanism to effectively crack down on river-related environmental crimes,and establish legal recommendations such as the Yellow River Basin''s environmental risk management system and the environmental emergency monitoring and early warning system.