中国农村饮用水水源地水质状况研究

为了系统评估中国农村饮用水水源地水质变化情况，根据2009—2018年农村饮用水水源地水质监测数据，综合评价和分析了中国农村地表和地下饮用水达标情况、空间分布和主要超标因子等。监测结果表明：10年来，农村饮用水水源地达标率不断提高，这主要得益于地表饮用水水质整体改善；地下饮用水水质达标率持续偏低，且略有变差趋势，与城市地区的差距逐年加大。农村饮用水水源地超标断面和点位在空间上分布较广，主要超标因子相对集中，且表现出与农村和农业面源污染较强的相关性。建议进一步重视农村饮用水水源地（特别是地下饮用水）的保护，加强农村饮用水水源地水质监测，加快农业面源污染防治。

Study on the Water Quality of Rural Drinking Water Sources in China

In order to systematically evaluate the water quality of rural drinking water sources in China,based on the water quality monitoring data of rural drinking water sources in China from 2009 to 2018,the compliance status,spatial distribution and main excess factors of rural surface and underground drinking water were comprehensively evaluated and analyzed.The results showed that:the ratio of rural drinking water sources up to water quality standards was continuously improving,which was mainly caused by the overall improvement of surface drinking water quality.The ratio of underground drinking water sources up to standards was constantly low and showed the trend of deterioration,so the water quality gap between rural and urban underground drinking water sources became larger.Rural drinking water sources exceeding the standards were widely distributed throughout the country,and the exceeding standard factors were comparatively concentrated,which were closely related to agricultural non-point pollution.It was suggested to strengthen the protection of rural underground drinking water sources,enhance water quality monitoring of rural drinking water sources,and accelerate agricultural non-point pollution control.