机场周围区域飞机噪声监测方法对比研究

中国机场周围区域飞机噪声监测一直采用计权等效连续感觉噪声级L_(WECPN)为评价量,标准修订后拟采用昼夜等效声级L_(dn)为评价量,监测方法也相应更改。该文通过理论推导及宁波栎社机场噪声现场监测数据,系统比较了2种机场周围区域飞机噪声监测方法,并分析了监测结果的差异及影响因素。结果表明:L_(WECPN)与L_(dn)在相差10 dB的基础上,差值受到单次飞机噪声值和傍晚飞行次数2个因素影响。单次飞机噪声监测量L_(EPN)和L_(AE)在飞机匀速直线经过时差值约为3.75 dB,实际上受到飞行航迹、飞机运动状态、噪声传播环境、突发噪声干扰等因素影响,此次监测的187次飞机L_(EPN)和L_(AE)的差值范围为2.1～5.5 dB。傍晚飞行次数引起的监测结果差值范围为0～4.8 dB。

Comparison of the Monitoring Methods of Aircraft Noise in the Vicinity of Airports

The evaluation index of aircraft noise in the vicinity of airports is the weighted equivalent continuous perceived noise level (L_WECPN) in China. However, it will be changed into day-night equivalent sound pressure level (L_dn) after the standard revision, and the monitoring method will be changed correspondingly. Based on the theoretical derivation and the noise monitoring in Ningbo Lishe Airport, this paper compares the two monitoring methods of aircraft noise in the vicinity of airports systematically, analyzes the influence factors and the differences between the two methods. Results show that:the L_WECPN is at least 10 dB higher than L_dn, and besides that, the difference value is affected by two factors:levels per sound event and the number of events in the evening. If the aircraft travels with uniform velocity in straight line, the difference value of L_EPN and L_AE is about 3.75 dB. Actually, influenced by the flight path, motion state, sound propagation environment and the disturbance of burst noise, the differences of L_EPN and L_AE are from 2.1 dB to 5.5 dB for these 187 aircrafts in this monitoring. The differences caused by the evening aircraft events range from 0 to 4.8 dB.