中国土壤环境监测方法现状、问题及建议

综述了目前中国现行的土壤环境监测国家标准方法和环保、农业、林业等行业标准方法,指出国家标准和环保行业标准方法侧重于土壤污染物的检测,而农业和林业标准方法侧重于土壤营养元素及其有效态、理化指标的检测。针对现行标准方法存在的一些问题(如检测的土壤污染物种类少、部分方法先进性不足、土壤环境监测的基础研究薄弱以及方法的标准化尚待完善等),提出加强土壤监测标准方法的顶层设计、合理增加土壤污染物的控制种类,及时更新方法、发展多组分测定方法,加强标准方法研究的系统性、协调性,以及逐步增加原位监测标准方法等建议,为土壤监测技术的发展提供借鉴和参考。

Environmental Monitoring Methods for Soil in China:Situation, Problems and Suggestions

The present national and industry standard methods in environment protection, agriculture and forestry for soil environment monitoring were reviewed in this paper. The results showed that the national and environmental standard methods focus on the soil pollutants analysis, while the agricultural and the forestry standard methods emphasize the detection of the nutrition elements and their availabilities, or the physical and chemical indexes of soil. According to the existing problems in these standard methods, for example, the targets controlled were insufficient, some of the methods did not involve advanced technology, the basic research on soil monitoring was insufficient, and the standardization of the methods remained to be improved, the related suggestions were proposed, including strengthening the top-level design of the standard methods for soil monitoring, reasonably renewing the targets controlled in soil environment, updating the methods in time and developing the multi-components determination methods, keeping the systematization and coordination of the methods, and gradually replenishing the in-situ monitoring standards, which could provide references to the technical development of the soil monitoring.