遂宁城乡集中式饮用水水源地钡分布特征及健康风险评价

为考察遂宁市辖区内集中式饮用水水源地污染物钡的分布特征和健康风险水平,通过电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法对研究区域内市级、县级和乡镇级所有在用的56个集中式饮用水水源地钡的浓度进行分析检测,借助空间分析与统计分析的结果,探讨了其空间分布和浓度差异,并利用环境健康风险评价模型,对不同类型水源地钡的健康风险进行了评价。结果表明,38个地表水水源地钡的浓度范围为0.065~0.180 mg/L,均值为0.110 mg/L;18个地下水水源地钡的浓度范围为0.027~0.370 mg/L,均值为0.130 mg/L。地表水与地下水水源地间钡的浓度差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),钡的空间分布也存在不同程度的差异性。各水源地中的钡经饮用和皮肤暴露两种途径对成人和儿童所引起的非致癌风险值为1.34×10~(-8)~1.62×10~(-8),远低于推荐的最大可接受风险水平(1.0×10~(-6)),各水源地因污染物钡导致的非致癌风险极低。

Distribution Characteristics and Health Risk Assessment of Barium in Centralized Drinking Water Sources of Rural and Urban Areas in Suining

In order to investigate the distribution characteristics and health risk level of barium in centralized drinking water sources in Suining, by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) method, the concentrations of barium were analyzed in all the 56 centralized drinking water sources in use of city class, county class, and township class. The spatial distribution and concentration differences of barium were discussed by the results of spatial analysis and statistical analysis, and the health risk assessment of different drinking water sources was conducted by means of using the environmental health risk assessment model. The results showed that the concentration of barium in 38 surface water sources ranged from 0.065 to 0.180 mg/L, the mean value was 0.110 mg/L, and that in 18 groundwater sources ranged from 0.027 to 0.370 mg/L, the mean value was 0.130 mg/L. The difference of the concentration between surface water sources and groundwater sources was considered statistically significant (P<0.05).The spatial distribution of barium also had a different degree of variability. The non-carcinogenic risk level of barium in all drinking water sources for adults and minors via dietary intake and dermal intake ranged from 1.34×10^-8 to 1.62×10^-8, which was far lower than the maximum allowance levels recommended by some organizations and researchers (1.0×10^-6), the non-carcinogenic risk caused by barium in all drinking water source is very low.