国家地下水环境质量考核监测体系构建与应用

为支撑国家地下水环境管理与污染防治,在系统梳理我国地下水环境监测发展历程的基础上,分析了当前地下水环境监测的技术特点,从支撑国家地下水环境质量考核的角度出发,研究构建了涵盖点位布设、监测指标选取、样品采集与保存、样品分析测试、质量保证与质量控制、质量评价等全流程的监测技术体系和质量管理体系,建立了"十四五"国家地下水环境质量考核监测网络建设及业务运行模式。基于覆盖全国所有地级及以上城市、主要水文地质单元、典型规模以上地下水型饮用水水源地与重点污染源的考核监测网络,建立了完善的地下水环境监测技术与质量管理体系,有效支撑了国家地下水环境质量考核,有助于各级管理部门掌握地下水环境质量状况,有针对性地开展地下水污染防治,为逐步改善地下水环境质量提供基础保障。

Construction and Application of National Groundwater Environmental Quality Assessment and Monitoring Technology System

In order to support national groundwater environmental management and pollution prevention,based on a systematic review of the development process of groundwater environmental monitoring of China,the current technical characteristics of groundwater environmental monitoring were analyzed in this paper.From the perspective of supporting national groundwater environmental quality assessment,a comprehensive plan was constructed covering point layout,monitoring indicator selection,sample collection and preservation,analysis and testing,quality assurance and quality control.The monitoring technology system and quality management system for the entire process of quality evaluation have been established,and the 14th Five Year Plan national groundwater environmental quality assessment and monitoring network construction and operation mode have been established.Based on the assessment and monitoring network covering all cities at prefecture level and above,major hydrogeological units,groundwater type drinking water sources above typical scale and key pollution sources of China,a sound and complete groundwater environment monitoring technology and quality management system have effectively supported the national assessment of groundwater environmental quality,helping the management departments at all levels to master the status of groundwater environmental quality and carry out targeted prevention and control of groundwater pollution,to provide basic guarantees for gradually improving the quality of groundwater environment.