内蒙古呼和浩特市沙尘天气变化规律及防治对策

以呼和浩特市30年(1971~2000年)气象资料为基础,运用数理统计理论,分析了呼和浩特市沙尘天气的时间变化特征及其与降水量、气温、风速、相对湿度、蒸发量等气象因子的关系。结果表明,沙尘暴、扬沙、浮尘等沙尘天气在年代际、年际、季节与月变化上具有一致性。20世纪70年代沙尘天气发生的日数最多,从1970年代到1990年代沙尘天气发生日数总体上波动下降。沙尘天气的年际变化均以1972年最高,但不同沙尘天气发生日数最小值出现的年份不同,最小值为0天,2000年略有上升。沙尘天气呈现春冬季节发生日数多,夏秋发生日数少的季节变化趋势,每年的4月份沙尘天气出现最多,7、8或9月份沙尘天气出现最少。沙尘天气的发生与空气相对湿度、降水量呈现极显著或显著的负相关,与风速、蒸发量呈现极显著或显著的正相关,与气温变化关系不明显。在此基础上,提出了完善监测体系、加强生态环境建设等沙尘天气防治对策。

The Sand-dust Weather Change Characteristics and Prevention Strategies of Huhehaote of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

Based on the climatological data of thirty years of Huhhot city(1971~2000y.),using the mathematical statistics theory,this article analyses the dust weather's temporal change characteristics and the relationship between the characteristics and some meteorological factors,such as precipitation,temperature,wind speed,relative humidity and evaporation. The result indicates that dust weather,such as storm,blowing sand and floating dust,has consistency in the decadal,inter annual,season and monthly variation. Dust weather,whose appearances decreased fluctuant from 1970's to 1990's,appeared most frequently in the 1970's. The annual variation of dust weather reached to the peak in 1972.The time,in which the different dust weather happens most rarely,was different. The minimum was 0d,but it raised a little in 2000. The dust weather appears frequently in spring and winter,and rarely in summer and autumn. It appears most frequently in April,and least in July,August and September. It has anti-correlation between dust weather and the air's relative humid and precipitation,which has positive correlation with wind velocity and evaporation,and it doesn't change obviously with temperature. Based on this,prevent strategies are raised,concerning about modifications monitor system and strengthening ecological environment instruction.