美国空气质量监测的经验与启示

2013年9月10日，国务院发布《大气污染防治行动计划》，为当前和今后一个时期全国大气污染防治工作提供行动指南。近年来，中国空气质量监测工作发展迅猛，但新的空气质量管理目标对空气质量监测水平提出了更高的要求。为了加强中国空气质量监测能力，文章总结了美国空气质量监测四十多年的发展历程，介绍了美国系统谋划监测战略、合理布设监测网络、严格控制数据质量、开展污染组分分析、科学应用监测结果、积极推动公众参与等方面的经验，为中国发展和完善空气质量监测体系提供参考，为切实改善空气质量提供技术支持。

Experience and Illumination of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring in the United States

On 10^th September, 2013, the State Council of China released Clean Air Action Plan, which is the guidance for current and future national air pollution prevention and control. In recent years, air quality monitoring has developed dramatically rapidly in China. However, the new objectives of air quality management put forward higher requirements on air quality monitoring. In order to strengthen this capacity in China, this article summarizes the development of air quality monitoring development in the United States in the last forty years and introduces the management experience, including systematic planning of monitoring strategies, reasonable layout of monitoring network, strict control of data quality, analysis of pollutant speciation, scientific application of monitoring results, and active promotion of public participation. This article provides reference for the development and improvement of air quality monitoring in China and technical support to improve air quality.