烟台四十里湾赤潮发生与生态环境污染研究

烟台四十里湾海域为赤潮频发区,就赤潮发生的区域分布与其生态环境污染进行探讨研究,以引起社会有关方面正确认识和评价水产养殖业对海洋环境的影响。结果显示: (1)1998~2008年间排入四十里湾的各类污染物总量以贝类养殖排泄物居首,赤潮发生的几率及范围与贝类养殖面积、N、P和C排泄物年际变化有直接必然关系; (2)湾内初级生产力较高,由贝类养殖排泄转化的无机碳占湾内基础物质总量的65%~90％; (3)湾内赤潮生物16种,优势种有红色裸甲藻、中肋骨条藻、海链藻,红色裸甲藻是该湾引起赤潮最常见的赤潮生物种; (4)四十里湾最大流发生在养马岛以外的东北水域,流速值在17~20cm/s 左右,养马岛西南端流速最低,仅为4~5cm/s左右,受水建工程和筏式养殖的干扰,养殖区内流速有所减缓,不利于污染物扩散。研究表明,特定的地理环境及物质条件十分适合藻类的生长繁殖,一旦遇到适宜的水文气象条件,赤潮藻即有骤然快速增殖而形成赤潮。

Study on the Relationship between Ecological Environmental Pollution and Red Tide Occurring in Sishili Bay Yantai

The Gulf region of Yantai Sishiliwan bay is a frequent occurrence of red tide. This paper studied the relationship between regional distribution of red tide occurrence and ecological environmental pollution, in order to arouse the concerned parties to confront the impact of aquaculture on marine environment and evaluate the aquaculture pollution correctly. The results showed that: (1) From 1998 to 2008, shellfish aquaculture waste occupies the largest percentage of various types of pollutants discharged into the Sishili Bay. The occurrence probability and the scope of red tide have a direct causal relationship with shellfish farming area and the inter-annual change of N, P, C excreta. (2) The primary productivity within Sishili Bay is high. The inorganic carbon coming from shellfish farming waste accounted for 65-90% of the total based material in the bay. (3) There are 16 kinds of red tide organisms in the bay, in which the domination species are ymnodinium sanguineum , Skeletonema costatum and Thalassiosira Cleve. ymnodinium sanguineum is the most common specie leading to the red tide. (4) The maximum flow of Sishili Bay occurred in the northeast watershed outside Yangmadao with a velocity value of 17~20cm/s or so, while the minimum flow rate occurred at the south end of Yangmadao, which was only about 4~5cm/s. The velocity value of culture zone was slowed down by the interference of water works and raft culture, which is not conducive to pollutant dispersion. Our findings suggest that, a particular geographical environment and material conditions is very suitable for the growth and reproduction of algae. Once the appropriate hydrological and meteorological conditions encountered, the red tide will bloom because of the sudden rapid proliferation of algae.