干旱区内陆湖泊流域景观格局变化及其对生态环境的影响

以我国干旱区典型内陆湖泊流域——新疆艾比湖流域为研究区，对其平原区1990--2005年的景观格局动态变化特征进行了研究。结果表明，1990--2005年，研究区农田、湿地及人居地景观的面积增加，其中以农田景观的面积增加量最大；而林地、草地、沙地、戈壁和盐碱地景观的面积呈减少趋势，其中草地、盐碱地和林地景观面积减少较多；各景观类型中以盐碱地、林地、草地和戈壁的转出率较高，而以农田、人居地的转入率较高；研究区景观组份构成没有大的变化，戈壁依然是研究区景观的基质。景观格局变化对区域生态环境的影响主要表现为：农田斑块数量和面积的增加，加大了区域水资源利用压力；林地、草地斑块面积减少，使得平原区绿洲遭受风沙的危害性增大；沙地、戈壁和盐碱地面积减少，使绿洲不同区域生态环境呈现不同变化特征；湿地斑块面积略有增加，对减少艾比湖流域沙尘危害较为有利。

Analyzing of Inland Lake Basin Area in Arid Area Landscape Pattern Variations and Its Impact on The Ecological Environment

China＇s arid zone with a typical inland lake basin in Xinjiang Aibi lake basin for the study area, its plain area of from 1990 to 2005 year which landscape pattern of dynamic variations characteristics were studied. Result showcs the area of cultivated land, wetland and settlement increased, specially the area of cultivated land was obviously increased, but the area of foresfland; grassland, sandland, gobi and salina were decreased, of this total, grassland, salina and forestland were obviously decreased. Trader rate of salina, forestland, grassland and gobi were upper, turn rate of cultivated land and settlement were upper. Landscape components in study area was no major changes, gobi was still the landscape matrix in study area. Landscape pattern variation influenced ecological environmental of region, it showed, increased cultivated land the number of patches and area increased use pressure of regional water, decreased forestland and grassland area increased danger of sand in plain area oasis, decreased sandland, gobi and salina area showed different variation characteristics in oasis, increased wetland patches area was be all the better for decreased Aibi lake valley against dust.