中国北方干旱地区沙尘矿物特征研究

为了开展对我国沙暴传输规律的研究,了解我国北方干旱地区沙尘矿物特征有重要意义。本文对我国新疆塔克拉玛干沙漠区,内蒙腾格里沙漠区,贺兰山及银川等处的沙尘样品用X射线粉末衍射法进行矿物分析鉴定,并用原子吸收法作了特征元素的分析对比,根据矿物的X射线粉末衍射结果,结合元素分析,对沙漠源区及其以东地区沙尘矿物特征作了比较,判析了两个源区的矿物组成,讨论了它们的传输过程。

A STUDY ON THE MINERAL COMPOSITION OF SOIL DUST IN THE DRYLANDS OF NORTHERN CHINA

The soil dust samples collected from the drylands of northern China were studied. The powder X-ray diffraction and atomic absorbtion spcctromtry method was used for determination of mineral and elemental composition. The results obtained from this study indicate: (1) The soil dust samples collected at both Takalmakan(in Xinjiang) and Tcngger(in Inner Mongolia)deserts showed to be different on their mineral and elemental composition. In Taklamakan samples are enriched with calcium and magnesium,but in Tengger the samples are enriched with potassium and sodium. (2) The mineral composition of soil dust samples at Mt,Helanshan are quite different from those collected at two big deserts.The results showed that soil dust at Mt,Helanshan(mainly particle more than 11 microns)are not sourced from the two deserts. (3)The soil dust samples at Yingchuan area(thc eastern side of Mt.Helanshan)are quite different from the samples at mt.Helanshan.They resembled the soil dust from Belong area in elemental and mineral composition.The results showed that they arc mainly sourced from local soil. (4)During spring soil dust from China as a regular occurrence over the pacific and Japan may reach Hawaii.It was reported the high concentration of potassium in mineral aerosol collected at Mauna Loa ob-servatory,Hawaii,therefore we suggest the aerosol are mainly sourced from Tengger desert in Inner Mongolia.