新疆图木舒克地区土壤盐渍化空间分布特征

土壤盐渍化已成为影响图木舒克地区农业生产与生态环境的重要因素。本文以0~150 cm深度范围内土壤和地下水为研究对象,利用实际野外调查与数据统计分析的方法,研究得出:①强盐渍化主要分布于距离河流与渠道较远的地下水浅埋深区域,在纵向上表层聚盐现象明显,盐渍土类型随着土壤层深度加大从亚氯-亚硫酸盐渍土变为亚硫酸盐渍土。②土壤易溶盐含量与地下水化学类型在平面分布上吻合程度较高、与潜水矿化度呈正的高度相关性、与潜水埋藏深度呈负的中度相关性、沿潜水径流方向各层土壤盐渍化减弱。③当地下水埋深较浅时,潜水通过毛细管将易溶盐带入土壤表层,形成表层土壤盐渍化;地下水埋藏较深时,易溶盐分会随着降水淋滤和灌溉冲洗不断降低,地表盐渍化减弱。中、轻度盐渍化区域应控制灌溉用水矿化度,重度盐渍化及盐土区域可在建立排水系统的基础上采用泡田洗盐法。

Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Soil Salinization in Xinjiang Tumushuke area

Soil salinization has become an important factor affecting agricultural production and ecological environment in Tumushuke area.This paper using actual field surveys and statistical analysis methods,studies on soil and groundwater in the depth range of 0 to 150cm.The results show:strong salinization is mainly distributed in low-lying areas far from rivers and channels.in the longitudinal surface layer,the phenomenon of salt accumulation is obvious.As the depth of the soil layer increases,salinization type changed from chlorine-sulphite type to sulphite saline soil.the distribution of soluble salt content and hydrochemical type of soil in plane are agree well,it is highly correlated with the salinity of groundwater and it has negative moderate correlation with depth of groundwater burial,soil salinization decreased along the direction of seepage flow.When groundwater is shallow,the soluble salt is brought into the surface of soil by capillary,forming surface soil salinization.When groundwater is deep,the soluble salt branch decreases with precipitation leaching and irrigation washing,surface salinization is gradually weakening.Medium and mild salinization areas should control the salinity of irrigation water,in severe salinization and saline soil areas,the paddy field salt washing method can be used on the basis of establishing drainage system.