库尔勒市大气颗粒物污染特征与影响因素分析

针对库尔勒市PM 10、PM 2.5年均浓度超标现象,基于市区3个环境监测站2013—2017年的逐时观测数据,分析PM 10、PM 2.5污染特征、成因及其主要影响因素。结果表明:①2013—2017年库尔勒市PM 10年均浓度变化较大且无明显趋势,PM 2.5年均浓度整体呈下降趋势;②季节尺度上,库尔勒市PM 10在每年2—5月呈现高浓度,PM 2.5高浓度期则为10月至翌年5月;③城郊的开发区站PM 10浓度最高,老城区的州政府站PM 2.5浓度最高,在PM 10和PM 2.5的高浓度期空间差异尤其显著;④PM 10与风速显著正相关,来自塔克拉玛干沙漠的风蚀沙尘颗粒物是库尔勒地区颗粒污染物的主要来源;⑤库尔勒市PM 10主要为外源输入,PM 2.5则以城市内源为主,相对湿度、风速、风向、温度等气象条件是影响大气颗粒物浓度及分布的重要因素。

Analysis of Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Atmospheric Particulate Pollution in Korla

Based on the hourly observation data of the three environmental monitoring stations in Korla,the characteristics and influencing factors of PM 10 and PM 2.5 were analyzed during 2013—2017 according to the problem of annual average concentration exceeding the standard.The results showed that:①the annual average concentration of PM 10 changed greatly during 2013—2017 and there was no obvious trend,the average annual concentration of PM 2.5 showed a trend of improvement;②on the quarterly scale,PM 10 showed the higher concentration in February-May,and the high concentration period of PM 2.5 was from October to May next year;③the concentration of PM 10 is the highest in the monitoring station of suburban development zone,PM 2.5 with the highest in old city station,especially in the high concentration period of PM 10 and PM 2.5;④a position correlation existed between the concentration of PM 10 and the wind speed,the source of PM 10 pollution in Korla were mainly come from the erosion dust particles in Taklimakan Desert;⑤the input of external particles has a great influence on the concentration change of PM 10,while PM 2.5 is mainly affected by urban inner sources,the meteorological parameters,such as humidity,wind speed and temperature,play a significant role in controlling atmospheric particulate concentration.