2015年新疆阿克苏市沙尘污染与气象因素关系的分析

应用阿克苏市国家基准站及2个环保局监测站2015年大风沙尘天气过程前后PM10浓度变化及其与污染源、NECP全球再分析资料、风、监测站周边环境等关系进行分析.结果表明,阿克苏市春季沙尘天气的首要污染物均为PM10,PM10的变化曲线呈正态分布,春季中度及以上污染日均出现在污染日当日或次日.造成阿克苏市沙尘天气污染源分本地型、外来型以及二者共同影响型三种.本地型沙尘污染强度取决于北风风速大小及强风持续时间,PM10浓度变化与风速呈正相关.而外来型污染多发生在本地型沙尘天气之后,"东灌"冷空气裹挟沙尘进入南疆盆地,造成地面加压,浮尘天气造成PM10浓度增大,并持续数天.总结出沙尘天气污染预警的几个必要条件,后续在地区环保局、县局监测站建立的情况下,为分析阿克苏地区"八县一市"污染物与气象因素的关系提供借鉴,同时为实际的空气质量预警提供参考.

Analysis of the Relationship between Dust Pollution and Meteorological Factors in Aksu City of Xinjiang in 2015

Based on the data of Aksu national reference station and two of environmental protection agency testing station in 2015, this paper analyzes the relationship between PM10 concentration change in sand/dust weather and the pollution sources, the NECP reanalysis data, the wind and the surrounding environment of the monitoring station.The results showed that the main pollutants of the spring dusty weather in Aksu are PM10,the changing curves of PM10 is normal distribution, the moderate or serious pollution occurred on the same day or next day of the pollution day.The pollution sources of dusty weather in Aksu are divided into three types: the local type, the external type and the common type of the above two types.The dust pollution intensity of the local type depends on the wind speed and duration of north wind strength, and the change of PM10 concentration is positively correlated with the wind speed.The external pollution usually occur after the local type dusty weather, "East irrigation" cold air carrying dust into the southern basin, causing the ground pressing, the increase of PM10 concentration causing dusty weather, and lasts for several days.This paper sumarized several necessary conditions for dust pollution warning, based on the establishing of Environmental Protection Bureau County Bureau monitoring station, proposed reference for analyzing the relationship between the pollutants of eight counties and one city in Aksu area and the meteorological factors.Moreover, it also provided reference for the actual air quality warning.