复合乳化剂对乳化炸药热安全性影响研究

为了探究复合乳化剂对乳化炸药热分解特性的影响,使用C80微量热仪通过MC法研究了乳化剂A(SP80)和乳化剂B(T152)作为单一乳化剂和复合乳化剂(加入比例为1:1、1:2、2:1)制备的乳化炸药。以升温速率为0.5K/min时的C80热流速曲线为基础来求解5种炸药热分解反应的表观活化能(Ea)、指前因子(lnA)等热安全参数。结果表明,使用复合乳化剂制备的乳化炸药稳定性均高于使用单一乳化剂的乳化炸药。采用复合乳化剂可导致乳化剂分子间排斥作用降低,使分子排列更紧密,增加了界面膜的致密性。当加入的乳化剂比例为m(SP80):m(T152)=1:2时,由于两种乳化剂相互作用形成致密的复合界面膜,其稳定性最高。

Effect of the compound emulsifier on the thermal safety of the emulsion ex-plosives

The present paper is engaged in a study for the effect of the compound emulsifier on the thermal decomposition features of the emulsion explosives prepared by emulsifier A(SP80) and emulsifier B(T152) as a single emulsifier and compound emulsifier( added ratio 1: 1,1: 2,2: 1) by the MC method of C80 micro calorimeter. To ensure the accuracy and safety of the experiment,we have chosen such thermal safety parameters as the apparent activated energy(Ea) and the pre-index factor(lnA)of the thermal decomposition reaction of the 5 explosive samples to measure the mass of(90 ± 1) mg and the heating rate of 0. 5 K/min of the tested sample based on the velocity curve of the C80 thermal flow. In doing so,we have taken the thermal flowtime-temperature ratio curve and the fitting curve as the related factors. The results of our experiments show that the starting temperature of the thermal decomposition of the emulsion explosives prepared in the above-mentioned way tends to be higher than 200℃,whereas the initial decomposition temperature,the peak temperature of the reaction likely to reach and the energy for activation that can actually be reached are to be higher than the use of a single emulsifier. At the same time,the result of fitting demonstrates reveals that the correlation coefficient should be close or near to 1,which should be said highly confidential.And,so,it should be taken into consideration that the emulsifiers prepared in this way should be much higher than that of the emulsion explosives with the unique or single emulsifier. Besides,it may imply that the usage of a compound emulsifier can potentially lead to a reduction in the rejection of emulsifier molecules,so as to make the molecules more closely aligned with the increased density of the interface membrane,so that the structure of the emulsified explosive can be made more stable. And,when the ratio of the emulsifiers added reaches the stage of m(SP80) :m( T152) = 1: 2,it would be possible for the stability to be made to reach the highest due to the active interaction between the 2 emulsifiers to form a dense film of composite interface.