重大危险源辨识的模糊性与分级控制管理

重大危险源辨识是防止重大工业事故的第一步，作为重大危险源的标准应该是明确的。但由于在工业活动过程中客观存在的危险物质或能量临界量的划分模糊，重大危险源辨识是一个模糊概念，这些概念的类属也是不明确的，而且，由此引发的分类、判断和推理也反映了其模糊性。它在质上没有确定的含义，在量上没有明确的界限．它是危险性差异之间过渡的结果。工业活动过程中失控的偶发事故既可能发生于危险物质或能量超过临界量的单元，也可能发生于危险物质或能量未达到临界值的单元。根据我国国情，应该对重大危险源辨识和控制管理进行分级。

MAJOR HAZARD INSTALLATIONS AND CLASSIFY- CONTROLLING MANAGEMENT

The present article aims to introduce some ideas and principles on the fuzziness with distinguishing major hazard installations and the ways of their graded management. As is known, it is the first step to prevent major industrial accidents and the related human casualties and material losses to learn to distinguish the likely major hazard installations. And then, necessary measures are taken to control and manage such installations with their latent disasters-causing matters and energy resources. To achieve this purpose, it is natural to define the standards to he used for discerning the major hazard installations and resources in a clear-cut and unequivocal manner with no uncertainty and fussiness. But, in reality, such ambiguity and fussiness can hardly be avoided due to the controversy and complication involved with the conceptions of critical quantity of hazardous materials and the laden power-strength in addition to fussy category or classification criteria. What is more, the division line, the difference in judgment and reasoning also lead to difference and fussiness of such classification and gradation. Complicated as the cases may be, the authors of this article believe that there may exist a transitional outcome or effect between the divergences of different hazards and risks in view of the clear connotation and denotation in quality, and the clear boundary in quantity. In short, as such fortuitous accidents resulting from out-of-control in the industrial activities are most likely to crop up due to the excessive units, the over-quantities or beyond the critical boundary of storing or installation. The authors believe that in close conformity with the factual situations in our country, it is imperative to define and prepare some criteria for distinguishing, controlling and managing such major hazard installations in a graded system, to which the authors have come up with a series of principles, ideas and suggestions.