活性炭对垃圾渗滤液中甲醛、苯酚和苯胺吸附规律的研究

本采用经过预处理的200目活性炭作为吸附剂进行吸附实验，研究了在不同的活性炭加入量、吸附pH值、吸附温度、初始质量浓度和吸附时间等条件下，活性炭吸附甲醛、苯酚和苯胺单组份溶液的规律。吸附实验中，甲醛、苯酚和苯胺的初始质量浓度控制在垃圾渗滤液的范围，同时，其它条件也按照吸附操作的常用条件进行。结果表明：活性炭对苯酚和苯胺的吸附量随着pH值的升高呈下降的趋势，而对甲醛的吸附量呈上升的趋势；初始质量浓度对吸附量的影响较小；随温度的升高，吸附量呈下降的趋势；活性炭对甲醛、苯酚和苯胺吸附达到饱和时，所需时间分别为120min、40mm和80min左右，饱和吸附量分别为0．0148mg／g、0．708mg／g和1.14mg／g左右；由吸附等温公式的拟合结果显示，吸附是一复杂的过程，不是单一的物理或化学吸附。此外，活性炭对垃圾渗滤液的吸附处理，有较好的效果，去除率为55％～65％。所得活性炭的吸附规律，既可以为活性炭吸附这些物质或近似物提供参考，又可以为新型吸附剂的研制提供参照标准。

RESEARCH ON ADSORPTION PRINCIPLES OF FORMALDEHYDE, PHENOL AND ANILINE IN LEACHATES BY ACTIVATED CARBON

This paper aims to present the author's absorption experiment with the 200 meshes activated carbon as the adsorbent. The purpose of the author's experiment is to find the principles on the activated carbon's adsorption of the single-component solution of formaldehyde, phenol and aniline respectively in different conditions, such as activated carbon mass, pH value, adsorptive temperature, initial concentrations and adsorptive time. In this experiment, the initial concentrations of the formaldehyde, phenol and aniline are to be controlled within the range of the leachates respectively while the other operational conditions were arranged in accordance with the conventional ones. The results gained from the experiment show that the adsorptive quantities of activated carbon adsorbing phenol and aniline decrease with the increase of pH values, whereas the absorption of formaldehyde rises. However, the adsorptive quantities can hardly influenced by the initial concentrations. Moreover, they are decreasing with the temperature rise. When the adsorption comes to saturation, the adsorptive quantities can reach 0.0148, 0.708 and 1.14 mg/g respectively, and the corresponding time of saturation is 120,40 and 80 minutes respectively. Besides, the experiment shows the adsorption is not a simple chemical or physical process but a rather complex one when the isothermal adsorption equations have been fitted. In addition, the results of the activated carbon adsorbing leachates are relatively satisfactory with the removal percentage being from 55% to 65%. The acquired adsorptive principles of activated carbon can be used both as references for activated carbon to adsorb these substances and their analogues and relative standards for the research and development of new adsorbents.