入侵植物生态效应及其影响因素研究进展

植物入侵生态效应研究往往受人类观念、研究尺度等多种因素影响。综述了入侵植物的生态效应,并分析了其影响因素。结果表明,入侵植物威胁人类健康和生物多样性的同时,也可能会给本地物种带来更多资源、庇护等。入侵植物标准、人类价值观念、研究时空尺度及全球变化等因素会影响入侵生态效应。入侵植物生态效应研究应加强经济影响方面的量化研究及全球变化情况下大尺度(尤其是全球尺度)研究,还应加强入侵植物管理冲突研究,并将公众知识水平、价值观念等纳入入侵管理,以尽可能地提前发现并权衡入侵管理与生态管理、社会管理的冲突。

Research review on the advances of the invasive plants and the ecological effects of the related factors concerned

Due to the climate change,it has become a serious threat to the biodiversity caused by the nonindigenous plants,for the ecological and socioeconomic damage that these species brought about may often account for the ultimate reason of studying and finding countermeasures to deal with them.Though much progress has been made in the said field,most of such study results are generally focused on one or some few species.As a result,discussion and opinion exchanges in this way are often limited and related to some specific topics,leading to the invasions commonly being regarded as a gathering of multiple cases varying in time and space rather than as a general or global issue.Besides,the plant invasions are by nature culturally shaped and interpreted with human esthetics,perception and emotions being deeply implicated in the management of invasive species.What people fear or regret for such plants may not be their effects on the natural environment,rather than on a particular research area.Therefore,this paper just intends to make a review of the ecological effects of such plants and analyze the related factors.The results of this review indicate that the plant invasion tends to reduce the diversity and stability of the invaded ecosystems and to threaten human health and social safety.Seeing the above needs,the paper wishes to suggest that it is necessary to strengthen the quantitative research in large-scale (especially in a global scale) and the economic impacts in the global change caused by the threatened invasive plants to enhance the understanding of the government and public on their effects.Furthermore,the governmental authoritative policy tools and social measures should recognize that the invasive species are a functional,structural,and compositional part of the transformed ecosystem.In so doing,coordinated efforts will be jointly made to find a balanced approach to the conflict among the invasion management,the ecological management and the social management on the whole.