首都国际机场移动源大气污染物排放清单研究

根据收集到的首都国际机场飞行区活动水平数据,采用适合估算各类移动源污染物排放量的方法和排放因子,建立了2013年首都国际机场移动源排放清单。结果表明,首都国际机场2013年移动源NO_x、CO、HC、SO2和PM_(2.5)排放总量为6 287.1 t、3 596.1 t、364.2t、373.4 t和185.0 t,分别占北京市各污染物总体排放的3.4%、0.3%、0.1%、0.4%和0.2%。其中非道路移动源是各污染物排放的最大贡献源,NO_x、CO、HC、SO2和PM_(2.5)排放量的90.7%、86.7%、79.4%、97.4%和81.3%来源于飞机,中型窄体客机及大型宽体客机贡献突出。相较而言,道路移动源排放比例较低,对HC、CO、PM_(2.5)和NO_x各污染物的贡献率为9.1%、8.6%、6.7%和4.4%。通过标准LTO循环方法估算飞机逐月排放,对LTO循环次数与各污染物排放量进行拟合,发现飞机排放的HC、CO、NO_x、SO2和LTO循环次数之间呈现较为明显的正相关关系,从而提出一种本地化的基于LTO循环次数估算飞机污染气体排放量的简单方法。此外,减少滑行时间可有效降低飞机在LTO循环过程中的污染物排放。

Exploration of the atmospheric pollutant emission inventory of mobile sources from Beijing Capital International Airport

The present paper is aimed at making an explorative investigation of the atmospheric pollutant emission status-in-situ by using an inventory of mobile sources from Beijing Capital International Airport (BCIA).Through data-collecting and accumulation,we have established an emission inventory of the air pollutants emitted by the mobile sources of BCIA in 2013 based on the appropriate estimation methods and the emission factors of the different mobile sources.The results of our investigation and calculation prove that the total emissions of NOx,CO,HC,SO2 and PM2.5 from the mobile sources in BCIA turn out to be approximately 6 287.1 t,3 596.1 t,364.2 t,373.4 t and 185.0 t,respectively.Combining and comparing the calculation and estimation results with the overall emission situation in the whole city of Beijing,the contribution rate of each kind of the air pollutant as is mentioned above has been worked out at about 3.4％,0.3％,0.1％,0.4％ and 0.2％,respectively.Particularly speaking,the non-highway mobile source including the aircraft and ground support equipment (GSE) has been found to be the biggest contributor to the atmospheric pollutant emissions.What is more,about 90.7％ of the NOx pollutio.n,86.7％ of the CO,79.4％ of the HC,97.4％ of the SO2 and 81.3％ of the PM2.5 emissions are statistically coming from the aircraft themselves,especially the midsize narrow-body and grand broad-size airplanes.Thus,as compared with the non-road mobile source,the emission contribution ratio ofthe mobile source including the trucks and passenger cars take over a much lower proportion,only 9.1％,8.6％,6.7％ and 4.4％ for HC,CO,PM2.5 and NOx pollution,respectively.Furthermore,we have also estimated the monthly aviation emissions in BCIA with the traditional method based on the standard LTO cycles proposed by ICAO,and,then,have worked out the functional relationship between the numbers of LTO.cycles and the aircraft pollutant emissions.The results of our estimation reveal that the aircraft emission of HC,CO,SO2,NOx has a significant positive correlation with the number of LTO cycles,the square of the corresponding coefficient indexes has been found as high as 0.925 3,0.952 3,0.979 9 and 0.974 1,correspondingly.Thus,based on the above estimation results,we have proposed a simple method based on the number of LTO cycles for estimating the aircraft emissions for BCIA.And,in turn,the consequence of the simulation indicates that the fewer taxiing time can reduce more pollutant emissions in LTO cycles,with the reduction of HC,CO,SO2 and NOx pollutants being 21.6％,21.6％,9.3％ and 2.9％ respectively if the time for taxiing can be reduced from 26 min to 20 min.