近20年来康定市景观格局演变及其驱动力分析

为了研究近20年来康定市景观格局的演变并分析其主要驱动力,基于1990、2000、2010年的遥感解译数据,在类型和景观水平上计算分析了近20年来康定市的景观格局指数变化、景观类型转移和质心偏移,探讨了康定市景观格局演变的主要驱动力。结果表明:1)康定市景观格局中林地景观和草地景观所占面积最大,为主要优势基质景观类型,对维持区域生态系统稳定起决定性作用,其次依次为其他景观、水域景观、农田景观和人文景观;2)20年来康定市景观破碎化程度有所增加,景观形状整体上趋于简单化,景观连接性和多样性增加,但景观均匀度下降;3)1990—2010年人文景观和林地景观面积增加,而农田景观面积降低,其他类型面积变化较小,农田景观和人文景观受人类干扰较大,破碎化程度增加,斑块形状趋于简单;4)1990—2000年景观类型面积基本未发生转移,2000—2010年农田景观和草地景观向林地景观转移,草地景观和林地景观向人文景观转移;5)近20年来人文景观类型向西偏移了0.058°,向北偏移了0.026°,农田景观类型向西偏移了0.033°,向南偏移了0.014°,而林地、草地、水域和其他景观类型的质心几乎未发生偏移。近20年来康定市景观格局变化是自然因素和人为因素综合作用的结果,特别是社会经济、政策和人口增长等人为因素是康定市景观格局演变的主要因素。

On the landscape pattern evolution and its motivating factors in Kangding City in the past two decades

To describe and register the evolutionary landscape pattern change of Kangding City over the past decades and explore the motivating factors via the remote sensing images of the yeas of 1990,2000 and 2010,the authors have made an investigation and exploration of the indicative factors of the landscape pattern in accordance with the classic landscape scale mode by using the Fragstats 4.0 software.In doing so,we have also analyzed the dynamic changes in the transformation of the spatial centers of all the landscape types in the past 20 years.The results of our investigation and identification can be shown in the following main points:(1) The landscape pattern of the City has been mainly dominated by the forest land and the grassland landscapes,which are followed by the other types of landscape,such as the water bodies,the crop fields and the livestock breeding culture;(2) The entire shape of the landscape at the regional scale turned to be more simplified and dramatically promoted to a higher level during the period under study.Thus,it can be said that the landscape indexes of uniformity and diversity has been increased with the feature of homogeneity being decreased.(3) The areas of the cultural and forestland landscape has been increased with the areas of the cropland being shrunk from 1990 to 2010,though the other types of the landscape areas have seldom been found changed.Due to human interference,the landscape of cropland and the home-breeding husbandry landscape turn to be simplified and promoted to a higher level.(4) Truly speaking,little change and transformation have been found noticeably from the urban areas to the coordinative centers of the mixed landscapes.during the decade from 1990 to 2000,whereas obvious changes can be observed from the decade between 2000 to 2010.For example,lots of cropland and grassland turn to be converted into forestland landscape with the grassland and forestland transformed into culture landscape.(5) Statistically speaking,the cultural landscape moved to the west by 0.058 degree while the cropland landscape moved to the north for 0.026 degree and a 0.033 degree shift to the west and then 0.026 degree to the south.The results of the principal component analysis demonstrate that the evolutionary change of the landscape pattern has mainly driven by the natural and anthropogenic factors,especially by the social and economic factors,political factors in addition to the urban population expansion on the dynamic changes of the landscape pattern of the city.