经手口途径摄入室内含PAHs灰尘颗粒的致癌风险评价

为了探究经手口途径摄入被PAHs污染室内灰尘的致癌风险,构建了居民经手口途径摄入被污染室内灰尘颗粒的概率风险模型,运用蒙特卡罗模拟方法评价了中国上海地区居民由PAHs引起的致癌风险,分析了致癌风险的主要来源及手口途径中各参数的重要程度。结果表明:幼儿和儿童所承受的风险最大,婴儿和成年人次之,青少年和老年人较小;对于致癌风险,幼儿和儿童超过10-6的概率都为80%,但超过10-4的概率都小于5%,婴儿和成年人超过10-6的概率都为50%,但婴儿超过10-4的概率小于5%,成年人的小于0.1%,青少年和老年人超过10-6的概率分别为10%和15%,不会高于10-4;室内硬表面灰尘引起的致癌风险远大于软表面灰尘引起的致癌风险;与致癌风险相关性最大的因素为灰尘颗粒中PAHs的等效斜率、灰尘在室内软硬表面的浓度、手到口途径发生的频率和颗粒物从手掌皮肤表面到口腔的转移率。

Cancer risk liability assessment of the PAHs contaminated room-in dust particles via the hand-to-mouth contact infection

This paper intends to estabhsh a probability risk rate model to evaluate the health risk to be caused by the ingesting of the PAHs contaminated indoor dust particles through hand-to-mouth transfer or contact activities.Applying the Monte Carlo simulation method,the paper has done assessment and comparison between the cancer risk liabilities and its influential factors of the residents in Shanghai so as to find the detrimental particle origins and the most significant factors concerned.As a result,we have gained them by using the Crystal Ball 11.1 with 10 000 iterations independent series of simulation and 95％ of the confidence intervals.The results of our simulated study show that the health risk liabilities tend to follow a lognormal distribution:the investigation we have done indicate that the infants and children are exposed to the greatest risk with LN(1.06 × 10-5,2.04 × 10-5) and LN(1.25 × 10-5,2.64 × 10-5),who are followed by the teenagers and seniors.For infants and children,the probability rate beyond 10-6 is 80％ and over 10-6 is no more than 5％.At the same time,10-6 of the probability rate may be as high as 50％ but less than 0.1％ of adults may go beyond 10-4.Therefore,the indoor hard surface dust has indeed brought about a more serious threat than the indoor soft surfaces,which may respectively account for a proportional ratio between 65％ and 35％,respectively,of which,the most influential parameters are:BaP of PAHs for dust indoor(PEF,about 55％),the dust surface load on the horizontal surfaces of hard surfaces (DSLSS,about 43％) and the soft surfaces (DSLHS,about 28％),the frequency of hand-to-mouth contact events(FQ,about 43％) and saliva extractions (SE,about 32％).Thus,it is necessary to take effective measures to reduce the health risks caused by such dustleading pollutions.In our opinion,first of all,the residents should be recommended to increase the cleaning frequency of the room-in hard and soft surfaces.Secondly,they are advised to keep clean their hands more often so as to cut down the hand-to-mouth bacteria transfer chance probability.Besides,it is also necessary to educate the infants and children to have a good habit to keep their own bodies and the places where they live highly hygienic and free from dust or other contaminants.