基于AIS数据的长江口船舶排放清单研究

为了研究繁忙水域的船舶排放清单,基于船舶自识别系统(Automatic Identification System,AIS)的数据建立了针对不同船型的船舶排放计算模型。先根据AIS数据中包含的船舶尺度数据计算各类船型的发动机功率,然后运用基于AIS数据的模型计算船舶排放清单及排放分担率,最后对船舶排放的空间分布进行分析。以2010年长江口水域的船舶交通流数据为基础,计算该水域的船舶排放清单,结果表明:1)在各类船舶废气排放物中,CO2排放量最多,NOx和SOx次之,N2O最少,结果合理可信;2)各类船型的排放分担率分别为5.36%(客船)、6.59%(散货船)、51.47%(集装箱船)、15.95%(油船)、5.37%(渔船)、15.27%(其他船型);3)船舶排放聚集区主要是长江口的南、北槽航段及其附近的码头水域。

Ship exhaust emission inventories at the Yangtze River estuary based on the terrestrial AIS data

The given paper is intended to concentrate itself on preparing a ship exhaust emission inventory of busy waters by taking the investigation of the Yangtze River estuary as a case study sample.In order to make an estimation of the ship exhaust emission inventories,the paper has made an introduction of different proper models for calculating the ship exhaust emissions of different types of shipment based on the data provided by the Automatic Identification System(AIS).To illustrate what we have done in preparing the given paper,we have first of all quoted the ship dimension data that can be found in AIS data,trying to sum up the total engine power of the different types of shipment.And,secondly,we have managed to develop a ship exhaust emission inventory,including both the air pollutants and GHGs (Greenhouse gases) for a consecutive investigation by using AIS-based models.Last of all,spatial distributions of the ship emission exhausts have been illustrated in the form of the thermos-radiation maps.To sum up what we have studied and statistically investigated,the total emission inventories have been analyzed via the AIS data of 2010 in the Yangtze River estuary,with the statistics results presented in the following order:(1) The research results indicate that CO2 is the dominant section of the emission,which is followed by NOx and SOx,whereas N2O takes the smallest part.Seen from the statistic results,we believe that they are rational and reasonable,and,therefore,believable.(2) The shares of the emission exhausts of the different purposes can be shown as follows:cruise:5.36％;bulk carriers:6.59％;container ships:51.47％;tankers 15.95％,fishing boats:5.37％,and the rest:15.27％,respectively;(3) The most intensified exhaust-emission areas are generally clustered around the South Channel,the North Channel and the harbor-ports located in their vicinity.To verify the aforementioned models,the paper has introduced the energy efficiency operational indicator (EEOI) system recommended by the International Maritime Organization.What is more,the proposed method is promising for it has been established on the basis of different available shipping emission calculation models,some of which are of dominant types based on the AIS data containing the actual data of individual ships as well as vessels in the marine transportation and traffic areas.Needless to say,the method can also help to improve the estimation accuracy of the ship exhaust emission inventories to some extent.Thus,it can be seen that the proposed method can provide a beneficial reference for the scholars in studying the ship exhaust emission inventories and policy makers so as to reduce the ship exhaust emissions of other similar business waters.