城市生态安全评价及部分城市生态安全态势比较

以我国35个大中城市生态环境系统为研究对象,选取资源环境压力、环境状态和人文环境响应3个亚系统的23个指标,通过数据标准化处理、指标权重确定和生态安全评价指数模型构建,测算城市生态安全水平;再选取不同生态安全等级的福州、深圳等9城市,分析环境压力、状态和响应3项目对我国城市生态安全影响大小.结果表明,3项目的权重分配差异不大,反映这3个方面对城市生态安全的重要程度相似.按评价指数大小排序结果显示,福州、深圳两城市生态环境的安全态势居所有城市之首;有7个城市生态环境达到安全等级;其余26城市为生态临界安全或不安全状态.我国城市环境状态对于决定城市生态环境安全程度具有重要的作用.各城市压力指数值差异不大,人文环境响应指标值相对较低,反映我国城市环境压力、状态和响应指标对城市生态环境安全贡献的差异,其中人文环境响应项目的贡献最小.

Eco-safety assessment and comparative study of the eco-environment safety systems of some Chinese cities

This paper aims to give an assessment of the eco-environmeat safety status of the 35 large cities in China by means of an index system consisting of 23 indices. As is known, eco-safety is defined as the goal of the state in creating a condition where physical surroundings of a city or any other residential communities provide for their residents on the condition without diminishing its natural stock. In facing the aggravated eco-environmental situation, researchers engaged in the study of the eco-safety, especially the urbanologists, bare made valuable highlights in the world, though the methods and theories in the field are being far from being satisfactory. In order to help to solve the problem, the authors of this paper first of all studied all the indices to be involved to the three subsystems, such as the urball environment pressure, environmental status and the responses to the social environment pressure, evaluation of each safety index of the cities through standardizing primary data, giving the indices of weight and constructing models of cco-safety assessment. Having analyzed the data of the different safety grades of 9 cities in China, comparative data, such those obtained on Fuzhou, Shenzhen and so on were collected and analyzed. The results that may affect the regional ecosafety from the above cities reveal that the three index subsystems have the same influence on the eco-safety of the above mentioned cities, though the impact of the assessment indices of all the cities ranks from high to low with Fuzhou and Shenzhen being the top two with their eco-safety assessment indices. The other 7 cities whose ecological systems are within the safety grade range, with all the other 26 cities being on the critical line or below the line of the eco-safety. In addition, the statuses of the assessment about the city eco-safety show that there exist minor differences in environmental pressures among the cities, whose indices on the social response subsystems are relative low. All the above results prove the necessary to assess their eco-safety systems. However, methods and the index systems are urgent to be improved and perfected for further research.