基于GIS的东辽河流域生态安全空间差异评价研究

生态安全建设是协调经济开发与生态保护的重要战略.区域生态安全评价与预警研究具有空间特性、非线性、随机性,研究过程中必须处理大量的空间信息,而空间分析和空间数据管理正是GIS的优势,它使各环境要素的分布态势及彼此间的拓扑关系一目了然,并且图文并茂地展示全流域的生态安全格局.在充分研究辽河流域生态环境状况基础上,选取东辽河流域11个县市区,借助GIS格网赋值技术,讨论了基于GIS的东辽河生态安全空间差异的评价方法.首先,拟定"压力-状态-响应"(P-S-R)指标体系,实地调查并收集资料;然后,数字化流域,运用模糊AHP法赋权并量化计算;最后,建立东辽河流域生态安全指数GRID数据库,进行GIS的空间Interpolate运算和Assembly分析.结果表明,公主岭市是生态安全区,约占全流域面积的10.78%;西丰市和东辽县是生态不安全区,约占流域面积的13.07%;其余8个地区为生态安全中等区,约占全流域面积的76.15%.评价结果与各地区现状生态环境评价基本-致.提出了相应的生态保护建议.

Assessment on ecological security of spatial differences of east areas of Liaohe River based on GIS

The paper is mainly aimed at introducing the authors' initiated evaluation method of ecological security based on GIS by choosing 11 units of the east areas of the Liaohe River. The whole investigation intends to solve the relationship between the economic development and the regional protection. Since such ecological security assessment and early warning research involves a lot of spatial information, it is advantageous to make efficient spatial analysis and data management on GIS. It is also necessary to define the distribution trend and the spatial relationship of the environmental factors so as to bring the ecological security pattern graphically. In doing so, three things have been done to improve the method. First of all, it is necessary to work out the pressure-state-response (P-S-R) assessment indicating system, investigating in person and gathering information. Secondly, it is necessary to digitize the river and apply the fuzzy AHP to evaluate the weight, and quantify and calculate necessary volumes. Last of all, it is necessary to establish grid data-base and expound the spatial distribution of the ecological security by GIS interpolation and assembly. Thus, the results of our research indicates that Gongzhu-ling City is secure, which is 10.78 percent of the areas; Xifeng County and Dongliao County are insecure, which are 13.07 percent; the other 8 areas stand in the middle with their degree of security, that is, 76.15 percent. The results are consistent with the current eco-environmental evaluation, and, in turn, effective measures are to be put forward for effective protection.