轨道交通信号系统安全评估方法研究

轨道交通系统作为大容量公共交通工具,其安全性直接关系到广大乘客的生命安全,信号系统作为保证列车安全、正点、快捷、舒适、高密度不间断运行的重要技术装备在轨道交通系统中有着举足轻重的地位。为了保证轨道交通系统的安全运营,应当在信号系统投入使用之前,对其安全性进行评估和认证。国外已有比较成熟的信号系统安全标准和评估体系,应当吸收其先进经验,结合国内信号系统应用的环境,积极探索适合我国国情的轨道交通信号系统安全评估方法和体系。系统的安全评估并不是一味强调绝对的安全,而更为重要的是把安全意识和新理念体现在系统设计开发全过程中。首先根据系统总体的安全要求,确定各个子系统可以容忍的故障率,进而采用相应的安全技术和方法来达到预计的故障率目标,最后通过系统安全评估来保证系统达到安全性要求。笔者就信号系统安全评估提出了相应的方案,重点介绍了编写安全证明文件的要点,最后,以哥本哈根地铁信号系统的安全评估为例,说明国外进行信号系统安全设计与评估的基本内容和步骤。

Study on Safety Assessment of Rail Traffic Signalling System

As a massive public traffic system, the safety of rail traffic is closely related to the safety of passengers. Signalling system plays an important role in safe running, running on schedule, high-speed, comfort, and uninterruptedly running of the rail traffic. Evaluation and qualification must be done prior to its official operation. In developed countries, there already are matured evaluation methods and safety standards for the system. It is necessary to absorb their experience and refer to the domestic application environment to positively probe into our own evaluation methods and system. The key point is to bear in mind to put the safety awareness and new concept in the whole development process of system design. According to overall safety requirement, the tolerable fault rates of sub-system are first determined, then by adopting relevant safety technologies and methods the expected fault rates are tried to reach. Finally, the safety requirement is assured by safety assessment. An appropriate protocol for signalling system safety assessment is put forward with the emphasis on the key points in editing safety certification document. At last, taking Copenhagen metro safety assessment as an example, procedures and contents in design and assess the signalling system safety in developed countries are described.