积雪灾害防治中的积雪深度与风速的计算

为防止积雪灾害的发生或采取必要的防治措施,必须弄清积雪灾害特征,分析积雪的影响因素,研究积雪灾害的发生机理,理顺积雪灾害的类型,探讨积雪灾害发生的规模,以确保工程建设及人民生命安全。降水量是积雪灾害首要因素,是积雪灾害物质的来源;气温的高低是造成积雪的前提;风不仅对水汽和降雪有影响,而且对积雪有再分配的作用;降雪量直接影响积雪分布,地形、风向、风速(风力)、植被、坡向等对积雪分布也有一定影响。在分析研究灾害积雪的特征、类型、影响因素、发生机制、规模以及发生的规律等同时,探讨了最大积雪深度、最大风速的计算方法。通过定量计算,为研究积雪灾害的防治提供依据。

Calculation of Snow Depth and Wind Velocity in Snow Calamity Control

In order to prevent the occurrence of snow calamity and to take appropriate control measures, the characteristics of snow calamity must be made clear. The affecting factors of snow accumulation should be analyzed; the occurrence mechanism of snow calamity must be studied. The type and scale of accumulated snow should be categorized. The scale of snow calamity should be probed into in order to ensure the smooth proceeding of project construction and the safety of people's lives. The precipitation is the primary factor of snow calamity and the material source of snow calamity; the temperature is the prerequisite causing the snow calamity. The wind not only affects snowfall and vapor but also could reallocate the accumulated snow. Snowfall influences directly the snow distribution, while topography, wind direction,wind speed (wind-force), vegetation,and slope etc, also have some impact on the distribution of snow. At the time of analyzing the characteristics, type, the influence factor, occurrence mechanism, scale and occurrence regularity of snow calamity, the calculation of the depth of heaviest snow and the biggest wind velocity are probed into. Through quantitative calculation, the criteria for the study of snow calamity control are provided.